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在威尼斯的“时间·空间·存在”（Time Space Existence）展览中，MVRDV携手Metadecor、Airshade和Alumet等合作伙伴，共同打造了SOMBRA展亭。其造型灵感源自日照仪（heliodon），在接下来的六个月里，这座“献给太阳的颂歌”将在欧洲文化中心（European Cultural Centre）位于Giardini Marinaressa的场地中，为观众带来一处动态遮阳的结构空间。“SOMBRA”一词融合了拉丁语中“太阳”（sol）与“阴影”（umbra）的词根。这座展亭不仅是一件具有象征意义的装置，也是一项前沿技术的演示平台：展亭所使用的建筑构件具有动力性能，却完全基于被动的物理原理运行，无需电子装置或马达。

For the Time Space Existence exhibition in Venice, MVRDV has collaborated with Metadecor, Airshade, and Alumet among others to create the SOMBRA pavilion. With its shape inspired by heliodon devices, for the next six months this “ode to the sun” will provide a dynamic shading structure in the European Cultural Centre’s Giardini Marinaressa. The SOMBRA pavilion – its name a portmanteau of the Latin words for sun (sol) and shade (umbra) – serves as a demonstration vehicle for an innovative technology: kinetic building elements that work based exclusively on passive physical principles, without using electronics, or motors.

▼装置概览，overview of the installation ©Federico Vespignani

▼装置概览，overview of the installation ©Jaap Heemskerk

展亭由六根金属肋架构成，均朝向太阳倾斜，上下两个拱形分别对应夏至和冬至时太阳的高度角。拱架所使用的梁材取自此前项目中的再利用构件，顶部安装了三角形面板，由Metadecor的MD Formatura穿孔屏幕构成，营造出斑驳的光影效果。这些面板以铰链连接，可根据阳光的强弱自动开合。在静止状态下，面板保持开启，以最大限度保留视野；而在阳光强烈直射时，部分面板将自动闭合以提供遮蔽。这种变化仿佛一个有生命的有机体，随着太阳轨迹而改变“姿态”，在多云时刻也仿佛舒展地“叹息”。

▼光照轨迹，triangle path ©MVRDV

The pavilion’s six metal ribs are angled towards the sun, with the top and bottom arches corresponding to the angle of the sun during the summer and winter solstice respectively. These arches, which are made of beams reused from an earlier project, support triangular panels, which give a dappled shade thanks to the perforated screens of Metadecor’s MD Formatura. The panels are hinged, and open or close in response to the sun. In their resting state, the panels are open to maximise views through the shading screen. Yet in the presence of intense, direct sunlight, individual panels will close to give maximum shade. The impression is akin to a living organism, which changes its posture as the sun moves through the sky, and breathes a sigh during cloudy periods.

▼面板以铰链连接，可根据阳光的强弱自动开合，the panels are hinged, and open or close in response to the sun ©Jaap Heemskerk

这一切的实现，皆依赖于Airshade提供的自然物理机制。拱形肋架中隐藏了一系列微型气罐，当结构的某个部分被太阳加热后，罐内气压上升，空气便被压入连接结构与面板的小型气囊中。受软体机器人（soft robotics）原理启发，气囊充气后如同“肌肉”般收缩，对抗铰链中的弹簧力，从而推动面板闭合。整个展亭因此成为一个建筑实验，展示了无需任何运行能耗即可实现对光线、热量和通风的动态控制。

All of this is achieved using only natural physical principles thanks to Airshade. The arched ribs of the structure conceal a series of small air canisters. When a part of the structure is heated by the sun, the pressure inside the canister rises and air is forced into a small airbag connecting the structure and the panel. Using a mechanism inspired by the principles of soft robotics, as the airbag inflates it contracts like a muscle, counteracting the spring in the hinge to close the panel. The pavilion therefore provides an architectural experiment in dynamically controlled light, heat, and ventilation that has zero operational carbon emissions.

▼拱形肋架中隐藏了一系列微型气罐，the arched ribs of the structure conceal a series of small air canisters ©Jaap Heemskerk

▼拱形肋架中隐藏了一系列微型气罐，
the arched ribs of the structure conceal a series of small air canisters ©Federico Vespignani

“面对日益加剧的气候危机，我们显然需要一种更加与环境协调共生的新型建筑，”MVRDV合伙人Bertrand Schippan表示，“SOMBRA展示了这一理念的众多可能路径中的一种：一种能够感知环境、并作出如同植物般自然反应的建筑。”

“With the climate crisis accelerating, it’s clear that we need new architecture that is more in tune with the environment”, says MVRDV partner Bertrand Schippan. “SOMBRA is a demonstration of one approach among many to this philosophy: an architecture that senses its environment and reacts to it in much the same way that plants do.”

▼如同植物般自然反应的建筑，senses its environment and reacts to it ©Jaap Heemskerk

展亭对太阳的致敬还体现在多个细节中。展亭圆形地面镌刻着极地太阳路径图（polar sun path chart），其几何设计正是基于该图而来。拱架的底部还写有“太阳与阴影”这一短语，使用了200多种语言进行表达——不仅呼应了展亭名称的语源，也提醒我们：与太阳的关系，是全人类共同的经验。

The pavilion’s dedication to the sun is made clear in a number of details. The circular floor plate of the pavilion is engraved with the polar sun path chart on which the pavilion’s geometry was based. The undersides of the arches are adorned with the words “sun and shade” written in over 200 languages – not only providing a reference to the pavilion’s name, but offering a reminder that our relationship with the sun is a universal human experience.

▼地面镌刻着极地太阳路径图，the circular floor plate of the pavilion is engraved with the polar sun path ©Jaap Heemskerk

▼细部，detail ©Jaap Heemskerk

Project Name: SOMBRA
Location: Venice, Italy
Year: 2025
Size and Programme: 30m2 pavilion
Credits
Architect: MVRDV
Founding Partner in charge: Jacob van Rijs
Partner: Bertrand Schippan
Design Team: Yayun Liu, Alberto Carro Novo
Copyright: MVRDV Winy Maas, Jacob van Rijs, Nathalie de Vries
Collaborators
Ideation, coordination, co-engineering, production, assembly, testing, installation: Metadecor
Ideation, Airshade Technology patent holder, research, co-engineering: Airshade Technologies
AMOLF Institute: Research and production actuation
Ideation, anodizing: Alumet
Mechanical engineering, colour and sunlight studies: Arup Bending: Kersten Europe
Structural engineering: Van Rossum Raadgevend Ingenieurs Photographs: © Federico Vespignani, © Jaap Heemskerk

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