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贝纳文特阿尔茨海默病患者日间看护中心的落成源于该地区人口老龄化的现状。尽管这种病症近年来在西班牙的许多地区都有所增长，但是与之相关的建筑类型还并未发展出成熟的解决方案，因此该项目的最初设计任务仅提出需要包含认知和身体刺激活动的空间，以及可供50名患者使用的餐厅和休息空间。设计的首要任务是理解这一空间类型的逻辑，并将其落实为一个具体的建筑设计方案。

The new Day Care Center for People with Alzheimer’s Disease in Benavente (Zamora, Spain) arises from the aging of the region’s population. When designed, there was no proven scheme for this typology, despite the growth of the disease in recent years in some regions of the country. Hence, the initial program only specified the inclusion of spaces for cognitive and physical stimulation activities, with a dining and rest area for fifty users. Therefore, the first task was to understand the logic of this typology and crystallize it into an architectural scheme.

▼建筑外观，exterior view © JAVIER BRAVO PHOTOGRAPHY

▼入口立面，entrance facade © JAVIER BRAVO PHOTOGRAPHY

设计的另一个重要考虑因素在于其地理位置的特殊性：一方面，其所在的城镇位于卡斯蒂利亚高原的外围，介于丘陵、山谷与平原之间，不仅有着特殊的地形，还承载着历史上一些重要的道路交汇口和国家主干道。另一方面，场地位于城市行政区的边界，介于开发区和农田区域之间，并且坐落在陡峭的坡地上。这样的地理条件再次强调了建筑与景观相结合的重要性。

▼地理位置示意，location map © studioVRA

▼设计示意，diagram © studioVRA

Another important starting point was the location of the Center within a double boundary situation (territorial and urban). On the one hand, the town is located on the periphery of the great Castilian plateau, so it is endowed with a particular topography: between hills, valleys and plains, with a historical condition of crossing roads, and some of the main arterial roads of the country. On the other hand, the plot is also located within a municipal boundary area, on a hill with a steep slope between an expansion area and farmland. This situation emphasizes the conjunction of landscapes in the building again.

▼建筑和周边环境，the Center and its surrounding © JAVIER BRAVO PHOTOGRAPHY

基于以上考虑，建筑被定位在场地的上部，以便将部分坡地进行旋转和割裂，构建出一块新的平地。随后，部分地层被垂直地抬升至另一个层级，以保护建筑在城市方向上的立面。这样，一条新的水平线在场地中被创造出来，它作为建筑的主体，不仅象征着当地社区在对抗阿尔茨海默症方面的协同作用，同时也与其周围的景观形成对话。

▼剖面示意图，section diagram © studioVRA

These ideas motivated the positioning of the building in the upper part of the plot to facilitate a stratum of it to rotate and tear the slope to create a new plain area. Then, in a second movement, part of that stratum rises another level vertically to protect the building on its urban front. Thus, a new line of the horizon is created, the main subject of the building, which not only symbolizes the synergy of the community in the face of this disease but also dialogues with the landscape.

▼一条新的水平线在场地中被创造出来，a new line of the horizon is created as the main subject of the building © JAVIER BRAVO PHOTOGRAPHY

▼立面，facade © JAVIER BRAVO PHOTOGRAPHY

▼建筑局部外观，exterior partial view © JAVIER BRAVO PHOTOGRAPHY

新建立的层级容纳了不同的功能空间。根据私密性和使用频率的不同，这些空间被划分为四个区域。两面向外延伸的大尺寸挡土墙标识出入口的位置，并划分出公共空间（包括办公区域和多功能区域）与私人空间。私人空间围绕着两条宽阔的走廊分布，便于来访者辨别方向和路径。这些私人化的空间也被认为是看护中心内部最重要的、具有治疗作用的房间。

▼平面图，floor plan © studioVRA

Once on the surface, the emerging stratum is excavated to house the different spaces. These are divided into four zones according to their degrees of privacy and use. On the one hand, two large retaining walls extend outwards to mark the entrance and separate the public spaces (differentiated as administrative and multipurpose areas) from the private ones. At the same time, the latter spaces are articulated around two corridors of generous width, which diversity assists in spatially orienting visitors. These spaces are conceived as the most important “rooms” with therapeutic functioning in the Center.

▼宽阔的走廊，the corridor of generous width © JAVIER BRAVO PHOTOGRAPHY

每个私人空间实际上都彼此相连，从其中一个房间可以直接进入使用频率最高的几个区域，包括教室、洗手间和庭院；另一个房间通向使用频率较低的用餐区和休息区。以上布局均是针对阿尔茨海默病患者的特殊需求而制定，这样的方案清晰且具有说服力，能够优化建筑的运行模式，实现不同区域简单、同步且独立的使用，同时最大化地利用能源。

From each of them, the rest of the private spaces can be accessed. One provides access to the most frequently used rooms (classrooms, geriatric bathrooms, courtyards), and the other to the lesser-used spaces (dining area, rest area). All of them are designed according to the specific needs of people with Alzheimer’s disease. Thus, it is designed with a clear and forceful scheme that optimizes the operation of the building, allowing for simple, simultaneous and independent use of the different areas and a maximized use of its energy resources.

▼庭院，courtyard © studioVRA

© JAVIER BRAVO PHOTOGRAPHY

建筑内部的设计元素被赋予了明确的意义，这些细节有助于定义空间功能，提高其识别性和舒适性，例如走廊上连续的扶手、带来清新空气和自然光线的庭院和教师、以及以提高使用舒适性为目的的材料使用等等。教室的位置和朝向以及大尺寸窗户的使用使其与景观充分衔接，使其成为看护中心内部最重要的空间。

A great significance is given to the design elements inside the building. These details help to qualify the space and make it more recognizable and comfortable for the user. For example, the continuity of the railings in the corridors, the courtyards (classrooms) that allow inhabitants to engage in activities while in clean air and natural lighting, or the use of materials that improve the comfort of the user and the use of the Center. In this sense, the classrooms gain importance for their position and the use of the large windows that connect the excavated space to the landscape.

▼庭院和走廊，courtyard and corridor © JAVIER BRAVO PHOTOGRAPHY

场地中的其他区域（在二期工程中建造）将被打造为一个大型的双层花园，它们基于共同的概念性起源而被构思为一个整体，其中上层花园将延伸于绿色屋顶和蓄水池之上。建筑与景观实现了形式和材质上的双重连接。花园区域将成为看护中心最大的“房间”，它鼓励使用者进行户外活动，并保证他们能够与真实的外部环境以及内心的景观记忆建立直接的联系。

The rest of the plot (developing in a second phase) is a large two-level garden. However, both levels are conceived together due to their common conceptual origin, and the upper garden extends itself over the green roof and water storage. Hence, the building is related to the landscape, both formally and materially. This area is conceived as the largest room in the Center, as it encourages outdoor activities and assures users direct contact with the outside and the landscape of their memory.

▼室外露台，outdoor terrace © JAVIER BRAVO PHOTOGRAPHY

▼从户外坡道望向建筑，view from the outdoor ramp © JAVIER BRAVO PHOTOGRAPHY

▼二层平面图，first floor plan © studioVRA

▼屋顶平面图，roof plan © studioVRA

▼立面图，elevations © studioVRA

▼剖面图，section © studioVRA

DAY CARE CENTER FOR PEOPLE WITH ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE IN BENAVENTE (SPAIN)
studioVRA (Rubén García Rubio & Sonsoles Vela)
CLASSIFICATION: Civic Building – Health Care Center
PROJECT: Day Care Center for People with Alzheimer’s Disease
LOCATION: Calle Baños de Montemayor 10b
Benavente (Zamora, Spain)
DATE:
Project: 2008-09
Construction: 2010-19
Opening: 2020
DEVELOPER: Asociación de Familiares y Enfermos de Alzheimer de Benavente y Comarca
CREDITS
AREA : 1470 m2 (Built Area) + 2999 m2 (Outdoor Area)
BUDGET : 1.695.296, 94 €
ARCHITECTS: studioVRA
Rubén García Rubio & Sonsoles Vela
studioVRA.com
SURVEYORS:
Rocío Movilla Gangoso
Rubén de Dios Andrés
CONTRACTOR: Huerga Roman SL (until structure)
Construcciones P. Sánchez Rodríguez SL
STRUCTURE: Rubiera – Jorge Pellitero Vázquez, Civil Engineer
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS: Ventilating and Air Condition Systems: Clima-Dur SL
Heating and Water Systems: Empresarial Saneamientos Cortes SL
Electrical Systems: Taller Eléctrico Casa SL
Fire Protection Systems: SIMI Seguridad SL
CARPENTRY: Aluminios Cortizo SA
LIGHTING: Taller Eléctrico Casa SL -Irelux
PHOTOGRAPHS:
Javier Bravo Fotografía
Rubén García Rubio (studioVRA)

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Day Care Center For People With Alzheimer’s Disease In Benavente by studioVRA