The representation and symbolism are unbelievably beautiful and incredibly well distilled. The project is a fascinating proposition for such a small one-block site. The depth of analysis was immediately clear and usable. It would work well for community groups.”
—2013 Professional Awards Jury

这个具有代表性和象征意义的项目精雕细琢，美得令人窒息。如此小的场地却如此令人神往。具有深度的分析即清晰又实用，很好的服务了社区群体。
——2013专业奖评审委员会

Elevated Ground: A 300 Year Vision for a 220-Year-Old Square By Christopher Counts Studio 更多请至：Christopher Counts Studio on gooood

项目概述
Project Statement

摩尔广场是一块4英亩大小的公共空间，距今已有220年的历史。摩尔广场是威廉•克里斯摩斯1792年为卡罗莱纳州北部罗利市规划的五大广场之一。该广场深受市民喜爱，但由于年久失修，需要改造以适应罗利市蓬勃发展的城市生活。整体规划着重突出其最为独特和重要的特点，同时通过中央城市地形拓展其在经验上、生态学和规划上的范围。

Moore Square, a four-acre, 220-year-old public space, is one of five original Squares established by William Christmas’ 1792 plan for Raleigh, North Carolina. The Square is a deeply loved civic treasure that has fallen into disrepair and in need of improvements to accommodate the thriving urban life of downtown Raleigh. The Master Plan builds upon its most unique and significant characteristics, while expanding its experiential, ecological and programmatic range by introducing a centralized civic landform.

▲Site Plan. 场地规划

摩尔广场占地面积4英亩，距今已有220年的历史，是威廉•克里斯摩斯1792年为卡罗莱纳州北部的罗利市规划的五大广场之一。在现存的三个广场中，联合广场(Union Square)现已成为卡莱罗纳州首府用地，纳什广场（Nash Square）则成为19世纪的漫步花园和纪念广场；但是摩尔广场始终是一片公共绿地，深受罗利市民喜爱，并被列入国家历史名胜名录。如今罗利市人口是初建时的400多倍，人们对公园绿地的需求也不断增长，摩尔广场的存在正是为了满足这一需求，但最初规划的公共空间网络却已退化了50%。在摩尔广场周围繁华的城区，包括儿童博物馆、公共交通系统、历史名城市场、热闹的餐厅、酒吧和咖啡厅在内的地区，这种需求的增长显而易见。

Moore Square, a four-acre, 220-year-old public space, is one of five original Squares established by William Christmas’ 1792 plan for the Capital of North Carolina. Of the three remaining Squares; Union Square has become the State Capital grounds, Nash Square has stabilized as a 19th century strolling garden and monument grounds, but Moore Square has maintained its identity and use as a public green. Deeply loved by the citizens of Raleigh and listed on the National Register of Historic Places, Moore Square is uniquely positioned to respond tothe growing park needs of a City that has grown in population by more than 40,000% since its founding, while its originally planned public space network has diminished by almost 50%. This growth is evident in the thriving urban context that surrounds Moore Square and includes a children’s museum, public transit station, historic City market, and vibrant restaurants, bars, and cafés.

▲ Physical and Cultural Evolution 物理与文化演变
Although the physical qualities of Moore Square have changed dramatically over its lifetime, its civic legacy lies in its use as a social space defining improvements that enhance its social performance consistent with its character defining qualities as outlined by the national park service guidelines for historical landscapes.
尽管摩尔广场的物理特性发生了翻天覆地的变化，但它的最大优势在于它作为公共空间所发挥的作用，根据国家公园管理局对历史风景的规定改建广场以提高其公共性能。

但是这块城市瑰宝正在走向破败，急需改建以适应罗利市繁荣的城市生活。摩尔广场的整体规划是基于其最独特、最显著的特点设立的，通过打造中心城市地形拓展其空间上、经验上和规划上的范围。这一设计特征将从功能上和视觉上将广场划分出几个特别的空间，满足更多人群的要求。中心地形概念巧妙的打破了传统的棋盘式道路结构，充分激发了广场的潜力，增修了36%的道路，可占用阴影面积增至原来的2.5倍，树林覆盖面积增加了39%，专用休息区增加了10倍，原生栖息地扩大至原来的3.45倍，同时保持95% 的地方视野开阔。这种简单的干预将广场功能拓展到最大化，在这块4英亩的广场上，人们将有更多的娱乐选择和体验，这样的户外环境将占地面积和多功能花园放在首位。广场将成为一个多维度的开放草地，具有良好的前景和广阔的绿地，既可用于紧急避难，还可用于休闲娱乐场所。游玩摩尔广场就像一次探索旅行，美丽的奇景和变幻多端的体验正等着人们开启。

Moore Square is a civic treasure that has fallen into disrepair and is in need of improvements to accommodate the thriving urban life of downtown Raleigh. The Moore Square Master Plan builds upon its most unique and significant characteristics, and expands its spatial, experiential and programmatic range by introducing a centralized civic landform. This design feature energizes and organizes the site into visually and functionally distinct spaces to accommodate a wider range of uses than the Square offers today. The central landform concept subtly breaks the existing traditional crisscross path structure, unlocking the Square’s potential to provide 36% more paths, 250% more occupiable shaded areas, 39% more canopy trees, 1000% more formal seating opportunities, and 345% more native habitat, while maintaining open views through 95% of the site. This simple intervention maximizes the efficiency of the four-acre site, amplifies choice of movement and range of experience for visitors, and shapes an outdoor environment that prioritizes occupation and flexible park use. The Square becomes multidimensional, offering prospect, large expanses of open lawn, and places for refuge and recreation. Visiting Moore Square becomes an exploratory journey of unfolding views and diverse opportunities.

▲Urban Context 城市文脉
Only two Squares remain of the original 1792 five square town plan, yet the population of the Capital has increased more than 40,000% since its founding.
1972年规划的5大广场仅剩2个，但卡罗莱纳周首府的人口却比初建时增长了400多倍。

原来的路径都没有改动，尽可能减小对植物根部的破坏，仅把花槽移除以增加景深。现有的铺路材料将被回收用做新广场内铺路图案的材料，在那里可以举办大型表演和即兴表演活动。广场地形有很多是自然形成的，北面的缓坡成了天然的露天竞技场，人们还可以在那里沐浴日光，欣赏美景。规划还设计了一系列可持续项目，比如：将雨水收集到雨水花园、在自然区增加生物栖息地等，确保该设计有利于生态系统，同时打造一个安静的阅读环境和赏鸟胜地。

新的摩尔广场极具吸引力，让人们不自觉地踏入其中，人们有种被欢迎、安全和兴奋的感觉。公园就像一座城市影院，连续种植策略使公园边界、草坪、缓坡和古老的橡树充满生机。紧凑的布置使其成为象征罗利市活力的标志性场所。摩尔广场的意义在于把城市建筑创造成了人文景观。通过扩大与社会的交流，摩尔广场将在21世纪继续投入使用，向这段历史进程致敬。

The original entry paths are retained to minimize root disturbance and planters removed to deepen views. Existing path materials are recycled in the pavement pattern of an exciting and flexible new plaza that can host both grand and impromptu performances. Natural play opportunities are embedded in the landform, and the gentle northern slope becomes an amphitheater or simply a place to sunbathe and people-watch. Sustainable practices such as collecting storm water in rain gardens and enriching habitat in the interpretative natural area ensure this design benefits the ecosystem and establishes a contemplative zone for reading and bird watching.

In the new Moore Square, people will feel as if they are being pulled inside, and experience a sense of welcome, safety and excitement. The park becomes a civic theatre, while its edges, lawn, subtle slopes, and historic oak perimeter are animated, protected and invigorated with a successional planting strategy. Intensified activity throughout the Square reveals an iconic destination emblematic of Raleigh’s vitality. Moore Square’s significance as an ethnographic cultural landscape was generated by civic use. Imagining its continued use in the 21st century, by expanding the possibilities for engaging social interaction, honors this historic progression.

▲Activity Collage 活动拼图
The design builds upon its most unique and significant characteristics, but expands its experiential and programmatic range to accommodate a wider range of uses than the square offers today.
摩尔广场的整体规划基于其最独特、最显著的特点，通过打造中心城市地形拓展其空间上、经验上和规划上的范围。以满足更多人群的要求。

摩尔广场在这座城市厚重的历史中发挥着很多不同的作用，比如用于放牧的公共场地，军事阅兵场，南北战争重建时美国黑人士兵营地，教堂和学校场地，还有历史悠久的Black主街和城市市场。根据总体规划，摩尔广场的来发展方向可能是申请国家历史古迹，并根据内政部标准改造成具有制定特性的广场。设计团队并没有为了复原衰退的人文景观而在设计和保留原景之间找一个折中的方法，而是将规划视作一个解读、编排和扩大当地环境的一个创造性行为。广场的物理特性自建造以来经历了巨大的变化，但同时它的公共空间属性也满足了城市不断变化的需求。

目前，该广场在外形上虽然有所改善，但是性能上仍然无法达到其作为社交空间的最佳状态，因此，对场地进行改造，提升广场的社会空间功能，响应城市需求，这种做法使广场保持了与历史遗迹的一致性。

Moore Square has hosted a variety of different uses throughout the City’s rich history. These uses include a common area for livestock grazing, a military parade ground, and barracks for African-American Union soldiers during Reconstruction, a site of a church and school, and a gathering space for Raleigh’s historic Black Main Street and City Market. The possible futures for Moore Square explored through the master planning process respect it’s National Register for Historic Places status and the Secretary of Interior’s Standards that guide contemporary changes to designated properties. Rather than viewing the task as a compromise between design and preservation focused merely on the rehabilitation of a degraded cultural landscape, the planning evolved as a creative act of reading, editing and amplifying site conditions. Over its lifetime, the Square has changed dramatically in its physical attributes, but its use as a social space that accommodates the changing needs of the City have remained constant. Currently the Square is underperforming and not capable of reaching its highest
and best use as a social space in its existing physical form. Therefore, modifications to the site that enhance its use as a social space and respond to the current needs of the City and are proven to be consistent with its historical heritage.

Extensive dialogue was conducted in collaboration with the North Carolina State Historical Preservation Office, more than 30 city and state agencies, and the design team. The extensive analysis and planning helped to articulate a more nuanced and project-appropriate understanding of the character defining features of Moore Square as a constantly changing living landscape. This enhanced “landscape specific” understanding helped to transform initial reluctance and concerns into broad public support for the project.

▲Design Concept Axon 设计概念轴
The landform intervention unlocks the full potential of the Square and transforms it into a high-performance urban landscape infusing its traditional one-dimensional plan with a multiplicity of landscape types, social spaces, and ecologies.
地形干预充分激发了广场的潜力，通过向传统简单的计划注入大量景观类型、社会空间和生态环境，将其转变为高性能城市景观。

北卡罗莱纳州立历史保护办公室，30多个城市和州机构合作和设计团队展开了广泛的谈话。对广场大量的分析和规划有助于清晰明确的定位摩尔广场的特征，即作为不断变化的生活景观。这种优化后的“对景观的独特”理解有助于让公众从最初对项目的犹豫和顾虑转变为对项目的支持。

设计的主要原则是可持续性原则，这包括一系列元素，比如长期的树木管理、场地规划和选材。对现有树木的保护和寿命的考虑帮助完善了项目的各个方面，从而引发出一些创新的设计，如抬高路面，利用墩子做成边缘系统保护树木保护区，嵌入中央地貌内的地上基础设施核心，和景观动态循环系统。当地地形可以收集并再利用雨水，同时栽种本地植物丰富栖息地。这些元素使摩尔广场绿色基础设施和可持续设计成为的重点示范项目。保护性建设技术可以保护历史悠久的橡木围，同时赋予广场更多的占地和娱乐空间。这种全面的总体规划立求创造一个值得尊重和具有前瞻性的设计框架，让这个已有220岁高龄的广场带着历史的荣耀，蜕变成全民瞩目的世界级的公共空间。

Principles of sustainability are a major driver of the design informing a wide array of elements including long-term tree management, site program and material selection. The protection and longevity of existing trees informed all aspects of the design and led to several innovative design features such as elevated pavement details, a pier stabilized perimeter edge system to protect tree protection areas, an above-ground infrastructure core embedded inside the central landform, and a dynamic circulation system of unfolding views. The landform collects and re-uses storm water on the site while enriching habitat through native plantings. This component has the potential to make Moore Square a key demonstration project of green infrastructure and sustainable design.

The historic oak perimeter is preserved and enhanced through protective construction techniques, which safeguard the trees while allowing for greater occupation and enjoyment of the Square. This comprehensive Master Plan aspires to create the framework for a respectful and forward looking design that elevates the 220-year old Square into a world class public space of civic dignity fitting of its honorific past. VIA:ASLA

▲Existing Tree Diagram 现有树木图
Existing site is endowed with a mature grove of canopy trees. The long term protection, enhancement, and celebration of this beloved urban amenity are major drivers of the design.
广场现址有大片的树林覆盖，。对城市设施的长期的保护、优化是设计的主要考虑因素。

▲Site Conditions and Improvements 场地现状与改善
The design employs a science-based approach to evaluating landscape performance.
设计采用更科学方法评估景观性能。

▲Canopy Tree Analysis and Projections 树木覆盖分析与预测
Proposed canopy tree planting locations, size, and species developed from detailed 100-year growth and decline projections. The resulting comprehensive recommendations emphasize the improvement of spacing, age diversity, and increased canopy cover.
图为100年内树木覆盖的位置、大小和种类的预测。结果的重点在于改善空间、树龄多样性和增加树木覆盖面积。

▲ Landform North 北部地形
The gentle north slope of the landform becomes an iconic social generator, elevated prospect, and lawn amphitheater for formal and informal events.
北部的缓坡成为标志性的“社交发动机”，高高在上的草坪上可以举行许多正式与非正式的活动。

▲ Landform Infrastructure 地貌基础设施
The landform acts as an above-ground infrastructure core that minimizes disturbance to existing root systems and houses a storm water cistern, bathrooms, and utility room.
突起的地形起到地面公共设施核心的作用，可以把对根部系统的破坏降到最低，同时设有雨水蓄水池、盥洗室和杂物间。

▲ Landform South 南部地形
The multi-functional south face of the landform is articulated by native planting and stone outcrops that function as informal gathering areas, habitats and natural play zones for children.
多功能南部地形生长着本地植物和出露岩石，可用作聚会区，生物栖息地和孩子们玩耍的地方。

▲ Exploded Axon Diagram 轴测图
The interrelated layering of landscape types, program, and existing trees create a vibrant tapestry of dignified public spaces fitting of the square’s rich ethnographic heritage.
景观类型、规划和现有树木的分层编织了一块神圣而富有生机的场地，符合广场深厚的人文背景。

▲ Civic Plaza 城市广场
The civic plaza celebrates the square’s African American heritage and becomes a popular place to People-watch, experience impromptu performances, and to feel the exciting vitality of Raleigh.
城市广场有大量非裔美国遗产，是深受欢迎的观光胜地，这里有很多即兴表演，人们可以感受到罗利市的活力。

▲Café, Public Bathrooms, & Grove Terrace 咖啡厅、公共卫生间和格罗夫露台
The café and public bathrooms create a destination, provide refreshments, and invite citizens to occupy the Square and enjoy the richness of urban life.
咖啡厅和公共浴室是游客的好去处，不仅有可口的甜点，还让市民成为广场的主人，尽情享受多姿多彩的都市生活。

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2013 ASLA Planning and Design Honor Award:Elevated Ground / Christopher Counts Studio