海外存知己，天涯若比邻。
在海外专辑分享海外华人的故事。希望这份分享可以让世界更加海阔天空。
第七十七期为您呈现的是毕业于圣路易斯华盛顿大学（WashU）和南加州建筑学院（SCI-Arc）的刘若谷。

A bosom friend afar brings distant land near. The Oversea album shares the lives of Chinese living abroad with all. The No.77 episode is about Ruogu Liu who graduated from WashU and SCI-Arc.

为什么出国？
Why going abroad?

焦虑和不满足。一方面感觉没学够，做起设计还是受到很多知识和技巧的限制，想寻求突破。另一方面对所见所闻感到不满，想做出改变。

Anxiety and dissatisfaction. I never feel like I was truly graduated and ready. There are so many limitations on my knowledge and technique, and I was trying to make the break through. I was also not very happy with the environment and design around me and I wanted to change.

在国外遇到了什么让你印象最深刻的事情？
What impressed you the most when you are abroad?

最深刻的事情发生在我们去厄瓜多尔玩的时候，当时在首都奇多遇到一群人抬着玛利亚的神像在路上游行，我跟我老婆就跟着他们，后来跟进了教堂。在教堂里大家在牧师带领下简单祷告了一下, 然后有一个四重奏还有一个女子独唱。全是西班牙语，我啥都不懂。但是特别有感觉。留泪了。我不信教。

That’s during our trip to Ecuador. In Quito, we saw a group of people walking on the street, carrying the statue of St. Mary. We followed them all the way to the church. They did a simple prayer, then there was a quartet performance and a women’s solo. I have no idea what they are talking about, because it’s all in Spanish. I was deeply touched and broke into tears. I’m not a Catholic.

最想念祖国的什么？
What do you miss the most about China?

最想念的是家乡那种人群熙攘和热闹的感觉，特别丰富。以前挺讨厌的。现在真的很想念。

I miss the crowd and lively lives at home. Exuberance. I hated it before, but now I really miss it.

你会回国吗？为什么？
Will you come back China? Why?

也许，现在说不准。感觉祖国的潜力还是蛮大的。而且家人朋友都很多。

Maybe. China has a lot of potentials and there are more of my family members and friends.

出国后在不同的背景下再看中国是否看得更清晰，有哪些感触？
Is it more distinct to view China in a different environment after going abroad? Any thought?

的确有很多感触。第一感触是，在这个行业里，工程技术和标准是区分发达国家建筑和非发达国家的一个重要标志，而这些是要靠设计，工程，以及使用者的长时间联合创新。第二个感触是“网红”现象在国内更明显，好事物火起来是好事，但是千篇一律的短时间文化是有问题的。网络上的内容有些贫乏，尤其是艺术相关的。

There are lots of thoughts. First, in our industry, engineering, technology and standards is the key difference between developed country and developing country. These were done through long time collaboration among designers, engineers and users. Second, “internet famous” is trendy in China. It’s ok for the good stuff to become popular, but singular taste and fast food culture is problematic. There are not many good contents on internet especially the art related contents.

你的学校有哪些教育特点？
What makes the curriculum of your school different from other architecture schools?

我在美国读了两所学校，一个是在圣路易斯的华盛顿大学WashU（http://wustl.edu）另一个是在洛杉矶的SCI-Arc（http://sciarc.edu）。这两所学校很不同。Wash-U 是一所很扎实的学校，我学了很全面的有关建筑的东西。第一年比较偏艺术，非常苦，但是很值得。在那学了两年之后我就转学去SCI-Arc了，又学了两年半，然后在 SCI-Arc拿的硕士。SCI-Arc是一个非常疯狂的学校，也很苦（苦笑）。学的课还有老师都挺酷的。做的所有事都在挑战极限。

I studied at two schools in the US. One is Wash-U (http://wustl.edu) , the other is SCI-Arc (http://sciarc.edu). They are really different schools. Wash-U is well grounded and comprehensive. The first year is kind artistic and also very intense, but worth it. After two years in Wash-U, I transferred to SCI-Arc. Being there for another two years, eventually I graduated from there. SCI-Arc is a crazy school, and also very intense (cry with a smile). The courses and teachers are very cool. Everything people do is to challenge the limits.

你现在工作公司的特色和有趣的地方？
What are the characteristics and interesting points of your firm?

我工作的都是实践型公司，因此公司风格其实跟他们擅长的项目相关。 BORA Architects主要做教育和表演类的项目，所以公司整体风格也偏重研究主观体验和人的行为。建筑也多向内发展，外观简洁精致，内部丰富舒适。HOK 是个大公司，项目都非常大，例如医疗，科研，交通，办公园区等等。主要擅长规划空间，设计表皮，偏重建筑的系统，功能和机械性。

All the places that I worked are practical companies, therefore the style is defined by the type of their projects. BORA Architects did a lot of education and performing architecture, so the culture and style is more focused on sensational experience and human behavior. Their design is also focused on the inside more: the exterior is simple but elegant versus the interior experience is more rich and comfortable. HOK is a big company and they did a lot of big projects such as medical, research, transportation and office campus, etc. They are good at space planning, skin design, and focus on the system, function and mechanics.

最喜欢的艺术家（绘画音乐电影等广泛范围）是谁？给你创作带来了什么影响？
Who is your favorite artist (in wider range such as art, music, movie)? What is the influence?

最早给我启发的其实是一些动态夸张的日本动漫… 例如FLCL, Kill la Kill那种。这些动画都抓住了主要的动态和节奏而忽略了一些细节渲染，干净利落。类似于这种动作和微妙形态的还有罗丹的雕塑和Martha Graham的舞蹈照片。 Louise Bourgeois的雕塑我也很喜欢。我还很喜欢看医疗解剖图。风景我喜欢Anselm Kiefer的画还有Stephen Shore的摄影，主要受我老婆影响。没有说最喜欢的，这些都在不同方面对我有影响吧。

Initially there were some motion-exaggerated Japanese anime that gave me a lot of inspirations, such as FLCL, Kill la Kill. These anime focus on the motion and pace instead of over rendering the details. Similar to this motion and subtle posture, I like Rodin’s sculpture and Martha Graham’s dancing photos. I also like Louise Bourgeois’s sculpture a lot. I love the medical anatomy drawings. In terms of Landscape, I like Anselm Kiefer’s painting and Stephen Shore’s photography, mostly influenced by my wife. I can’t say which one is my favorite, they all influenced me in different ways.

觉得自己的作品集有哪些迷人的特质？
What fascinates viewers the most in your portfolio in your opinion?

是否迷人要读者来评价了。我是个很务实的人。探索形态和某种理论的时候顺便试一些实际的系统，力求把作品做的完整。我们很喜欢从某一点去评论建筑，可是建筑是一个很复杂的东西。正是这种复杂性，才让建筑变得有味道。我也很喜欢技术图纸那种大信息量的图，后来也尝试用一些手法把建筑渲染和照片所表现不出来的信息画成通俗易懂的科普图。还在探索。

Whether they are fascinating or not need to be judged by the readers. I’m a practical guy. While exploring the form and theory, I would add some real world systems, trying to make the work more complete. We usually like to judge architecture from a singular perspective, but architecture is so complex. It is this complexity that made architecture intriguing. I also like the technical drawings with a lot of information. Later I try to translate some technical information that into understandable diagram. Still exploring.

什么时候开始看谷德网的？欢迎你提出建议哦，谢谢。
When did you start to follow gooood? Any suggestions?

从2010年吧，忘记了… 希望谷德多放些艺术上的内容吧，比如雕塑，绘画，平面图形设计那些。

Since 2010 I guess… Forgot. I wish gooood can upload more art content, such as sculpture, painting, graphic design, etc.

W O R K

01.

蹲伏
Crouching
火车站综合体（毕业设计）
Train Station Complex (graduate thesis)

▼《La Caricature》封面上的巴黎铁路（左）；《蝙蝠侠》插图（右）。Left: Albert Robida, La Caricature cover for Paris Metro, 1886；Right: Illustration from Batman – Death by Design, Chip Kidd & Dave Taylor

这个是我的毕业设计。当时特别想做一个车站综合体，主要是因为去日本实习时候还有去德国旅行的时候收到了启发。给我灵感最大的是柏林的Hauptbahnhof, 日本涩谷的Shibuya Hikarie。它们就像城市里的巨人一样，任由我们在它们的身体里游动。对于我来说，这些巨大的基础设施和建筑已经成为了新时代的图腾。

This is my graduate thesis. At that time, I really want to design a train station complex, because of the inspiration from my trip to Japan and Germany. The two most inspiring architecture for me are Hauptbahnhof in Berlin and Shibuya Hikarie in Tokyo. They are like the giant in modern city, consuming thousands of people everyday. These buildings are like the totem or cult symbol in this era.

▼形态和表皮演变，design process

▼斜轴侧，Axo-oblique

同时由于是毕设，又要在学术上根据前人的理论进行拓展，于是我就延续了之前做过的一个关于象化(figural)和动作的研究。前人的理论是基于杰夫-基普尼斯的僵硬的，像化性强的，动作研究，以及安德鲁-扎格尔的柔软的，像化性弱或者更偏向于拓扑几何的动作研究。蹲姿，或者是蓄势待发的这个姿势是一个恰到好处的中间点。在像化性上属于很模糊又很有味道的。然后我就用罗丹的蹲姿少女为出发点，根据内部功能还有与外部铁路的呼应演变出了体块。然后在表皮上结合了色彩渐变和虚线状的图案开口，主要是想模仿素描的明暗和线条质感。整体就是一个异想天开的东西，希望把给自己产生灵感的东西全部柔和在虚拟现实的设定里。

▼罗丹的雕塑“蹲姿少女”，Crouching Woman by Rodin

On another hand, because this is an academic project, we need to develop a theory based on previous research. I decided to do a research on Figural and Posture, based on the stiff posture (Frankenstein Posture) from Jeff Kipnis and contortionist posture from Andrew Zago. The stiff posture is more figural versus the contortionist posture is less figural and more towards topology. Eventually I landed on the “crouching” posture, which is an ambiguous and intriguing status. It’s between figural and topological, and it stores motion energy that’s about to take off. Rodin’s Crouching Woman was my starting point. From there, there was a series morphological process. The process has taken function and circulation into consideration. The skin treatments are gradation of color and dash line pattern openings, which was intended to mimic the sketch shading technique. There are a lot of imaginations in it. I wish I can use this opportunity to mix what inspirational for me with reality.

▼蹲姿生物的选择，a study of stiff postures

▼外部渲染，exterior rendering

剖透视图是这个作品主要的图。这两张图证明了之前想象和理论可以产生特别和有深度的空间关系，其中一半是虚幻的，另一半是真实的功能和流线。只看了形态生成的过程感觉是在做雕塑，剖开来却发现里面还有各种内脏器官，而且很自然的被整合在了一起。

Sectional perspectives are the core of this work. They proved that the imagination and theory can generate meaningful and special space. There is half illusion and half function. Just looking from the outside and the process of form generation, we may think this is doing sculpture. But after we cut it, we can see all the organs and they’ve all been naturally organized together.

▼剖透视图，sectional perspective

▼鸟瞰图，aerial view

▼平面图，plan

▼过程图，design process

02.

Eccentric
集合住宅设计
Housing Project

这个作品是一个集合住宅设计。在设计时我参照了英国史密森夫妇的“罗宾汉花园”。住宅单元是咬合的空间构成，这样在满足弹性的同时，厕所管道可以对位。在整体布局上，我们参照了史密森夫妇的条状体块和关节点结合的设计手法。在关节处会有很多机会出现。当然我的设计对条状体块和关节的探索要更加夸张。史密森夫妇的作品是半个世纪前了，同样的基本手法在当今理应有更多的可能性。最终附上了一层非常紧而且有金属质感的表皮，让整个建筑充满了张力。

▼鸟瞰图，aerial view

▼总平面图，site plan

▼单元和爆炸图，exploded diagram

▼体块生成，massing

▼剖面图，section

▼表皮和阳台渲染，surface and balcony rendering

This is a housing project. My inspiration is The Smithsons’ Robin Hood Gardens. The units are designed as series of inter-locking piece which will allow bathroom stack and also leave big flexibility. The massing is composed by bars and hinges. Where the hinge happens, there’s opportunities. Compared to the work of The Smithsons, my exploration is more radical. I believe that half century later, the same design technique could generate more possibilities. The skin was designed taught and metallic, make the whole architecture full of tension.

▼模型图片，model

▼黑白体块模型和城市关系，urban context

03.

柏林20世纪艺术博物馆
Berlin Museum for 20th Century’s Art

这是一个坐落在柏林市中心的建筑，毗邻密斯范德罗的国家艺廊以及詹姆斯斯德林的社会科学研究中心。在这样一个重要的位置，被两个大师作品同时启发和影响。我尝试运用斯德林建筑里那些特征明显的物体以及密斯在设计上对外开放的城市关系。把这两者结合起来，一些新的东西产生了。一个柔软、动态、开发、丰富的院落空间产生了。

▼体块生成图，massing

A project that locates next to the national art gallery by Mies Van Der Rohe and James Sterling’s Social Science Research Center. Being influenced and inspired by these two buildings, I try to use the distinct objects such as Sterling’s work, and the opened urban relationship learned from Mies’s work. Combine these two techniques together, something new has been generated. A soft, dynamic, opened and rich courtyard experience has been created.

▼外景渲染，rendering

▼剖面图，section

▼剖透视图，sectional perspective

▼流线图，circulation

04.

云机场
Cloud Airport

▼总平面图，masterplan

受到Konrad Wachsmann 1951年设计的飞机库的启发，这个机场建筑运用了空间网架来容纳各种动态的和不断变化的流线与功能。

Inspired by Konrad Wachsmann’s 1951 airport hangar, this airport was designed with space frame that accommodate the dynamic of ever-changing circulation and on-site programs.

▼模型，model

▼平面图，plans

▼剖面图和结构模型，section and structural modeling

05.

恐龙剧院
Dinosaur

在狭长的地块建造包括三个剧院，办公，排练在内的综合建筑，容纳1600名观众。怎样避免让建筑沦为和周围一样的方盒子，同时具有显著的个性，是这个项目的挑战。通过巧妙的“减法”，剔除剧院之间的空间，形成空中和地面的两层广场，把表演所带来的活力释放到建筑周围和纽约的高空。表皮的处理被内部的公共空间所引导。用具有冲击力的几何形态，营造内外相连的“晶体”。周围还覆盖着具有方向性形态的金属板，增加建筑作为表演中心的动感和活力。

▼渲染图，rendering

▼模型，model

This is a high-rise performance complex in Manhattan next to high-line park, which contains three theaters, rehearsal rooms, office space, restaurants and visitor center. The design intention is to clarify the service and served spaces. As a result, all the theaters are on one side of the building; all the related programs, vertical circulation and infrastructure are on the other side. Another idea is about subtraction: Subtract exterior spaces between theaters to form an entrance plaza and a huge terrace on south; Using primitives to subtract small private spaces from larger public spaces.

▼剖透视图，sectional perspectives

06.

Central & Wolfe

Central & Wolfe是我在HOK时候做的项目。由于是公司项目，我不方便解释太多。在施工完成后，我画了这些图，希望能够把一些量化的东西用图形形式表达出来。完成照片和描述见施工方网站：https://www.level10gc.com/project/central-wolfe-corporate-center/。

06- this is a project that I worked on in HOK. Because it’s a company’s project, I can’t tell too much about it. After the construction, I did these drawing, hoping to express some quantified information through graphic. There are more information in the contractor’s website: https://www.level10gc.com/project/central-wolfe-corporate-center/

07.

三面体
Trihedron

这是一个模型探索。利用聚苯乙烯这种弹性材料塑造由极小曲面构成的物体。这个物体可以被叫做“三面体”。它有6条边但只有三个面。这个物体是模数化的、具有美感的而且非常结实。它可以组成多种三维空间结构。

It’s a model exercise that using flexible polystyrene generates minimal surface objects named as trihedron. There are 6 edges but only 3 surfaces. This object is modular, beautiful and structurally strong. It can form multiple interesting 3D structures.

▼作品照片，models

08.

绘图和GIF
some drawings and GIFs

在这些作品里，我希望用传统的建筑线条手法去表达一些抽象的概念。这些概念的灵感来自于城市，科技和自然几何。 GIF和动态图是非常有趣的，而且是网络上很好用的数字媒体。有三幅画是受哈勃天文望远镜的启发。还有另外三幅是受小时候家里布满管道的厨房的启发，当然还颇有现代立体城市的感觉。GIF是我在用grasshopper做公司和自己项目时对数字信息还有线条表现的探索，顺便就把它们做成好玩的GIF了。

I trying to use traditional architectural line techniques express some abstract concept that inspired by the city, technology and natural geometry. GIF and motion picture is interesting and it’s a perfect digital media on internet. The first 3 drawings are inspired by Hubble Space Telescope. The following 3 are inspired by the kitchen in my childhood home. There are a lot of pipes and ducts in the kitchen… and in a way it’s like the modern 3 dimensional city. GIFs are mostly the by-products of Grasshopper works that I created during company and personal projects.

在海外时间：2010-2018
在海外地点：圣路易斯-洛杉矶-旧金山-波特兰
姓名：刘若谷
籍贯：河南郑州
学校：圣路易斯华盛顿大学，南加州建筑学院
工作单位：BORA Architects, HOK
联系方式：http://spikeliu.com / spikelrg@gmail.com
When: 2010-2018
Where: St. Louis, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Portland
Who: Spike (Ruogu) Liu
From: Zhengzhou, Henan
School: SCI-Arc, Wash-U
Firm: BORA Architects, HOK.
Contact:http://spikeliu.com / spikelrg@gmail.com

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