海外存知己，天涯若比邻。

在海外专辑分享海外华人的故事。希望这份分享可以让世界更加海阔天空。

第四十期为您奉上的是在路易斯安那州立大学学习景观专业的刘一芾。

为什么出国？
Why go abroad?

出国很大程度是因为执念，大概初中的时候就想出来。现在发现这个执念是对的。
The major motivation of coming abroad is the obsession of imagine from abroad, through classmates. It came out that it is a right decision to come here in the US.

在国外遇到了什么让你印象最深刻的事情？
Is there anything happened impressed you the most abroad?

我在美国大约过了很长一段时间比在国内还要“中国”的生活。重新学习了很多与人相处的方式，大约跟我们班中国人很多这个事情有关。但是路州其实是很像中国的，不论是饮食还是文化。这个地方的文化也是以生活为核心，以人情为导向的。相比在北大的一切以观念、学术、知识为导向的生活，来美国反而让我开始理解了这个世界生活的那一面。

现在居住在新奥尔良，这个城市刚刚纪念过卡特里娜飓风十年。之前看过一个研究说美国南方是相对的高语境文化(High-context culture)，也就是说这里的文化是以人跟人之间的潜规则作为行为准则的。我也有机会在波士顿生活了一段时间，现在比较而言，新奥尔良浓浓的人情味是大约在美国其他城市难以寻得的。比如说走在街上会跟邻居们打招呼（即便其实不认识），然后咖啡厅里会跟服务员还有其他人寒暄，以及在街上会有人煮小龙虾，以及随时随地全年不断的节日。这些日常即景在美国的其他城市以及在中国的城市都十分难得，得说这个城市影响了我很多价值取向吧。

I was able to live a more “Chinese” life in the US, than the one I have lived in China. I came here and learned a lot about getting along with others. However, Louisianan is somewhere that is relatively similar to China, in terms of food, life style and culture. The life here is really “life-centric”, and connection and interaction with one another is highly valued in the culture here. In comparison to the life that I lived at Peking University, where Academia and Knowledge is the center of every conversation, living in Louisiana actually allows me to explore the other side of the world that is really lively.

I am now living in New Orleans. The city has just commemorated the 10-year anniversary of the Hurricane Katrina. There is research categorizing Southern US as places with High-context culture. (I don’t really want to quote here, and you can always look it up.)That means that one behave under the social noun that is hidden and engrained in the indigenous culture here. I was living in Boston for a while, so with this good comparison, I would say that the intensive interaction between individuals in the community is probably incomparable in any other US cities. I really enjoyed walking in the neighborhood and say hi to my neighbors, chatting with the ones in the coffee shops, the craw-fish boiling on the street, and the random festivals all along the year. These daily scenes are nowhere else to see in the US, and even in China, and I have to admit that the city has in a lot of ways shaped my value.

最想念祖国的什么？
What do you miss the most about China?

不会被迅速归类，至少在知道你的籍贯和学校之前。
In the US, you have to face stereotyping, before you even talk to people.

你会回国吗？为什么？
Will you come back? Why?

不知道，如果为了老爸老妈应该会的，个人角度来说，甚至想回海南。但是现在还太小，得看机缘。
I don’t know, I would want to take care of my parents, and yes in this sense. I would also even want to go back to Hainan, and I think there will be something to do. I do think physically being in a place is important, but it all depends on the opportunities.

出国后在不同的背景下再看中国是否看得更清晰，有哪些感触？
Is it more distinct to view China in a different environment after going abroad? Any thought?

并没有。
No. It is too complicated….

你的学校有哪些教育特点？
What are the educational characteristics of your school?

我大概是LSU景观第一上谷德的。原来有特点的，现在没那么明显了。很长一段时间学校的项目都关注在新奥尔良以及整个南路易斯安那的海岸带修复的问题上，为此我们还有一个海岸带可持续实验室（Coastal Sustainability Studio），最近学院的领导层在变化，也不知道会向什么方向发展。

就我个人的体验而言，我觉得最大的特点应该是老师跟学生的关系（当然很有可能只是我个人的体验）。我跟老师的关系很多时候就是好朋友，以一种极其不正式的关系交流着。然后也会参与到他们的研究，项目，以及（偶尔的）生活之中，比如有些老师喜欢在学期结束的时候在家里面开Party。

LSU理论上来说还强调的一点是个人的方法，就是鼓励学生去探索自己的兴趣爱好和方法论，我就基本把我的研究生读成了偏建造和规划的城市设计的项目，当然这其中也是因为老师的影响，也包括我本科的背景。老师不会去强求什么，然后学生之间的竞争也没有很明显，但是由于从高中开始的长时间放养式教育，这样的一种模式对我而言是相对比较舒服的。

还是得说我并不知道这个学院之后会怎么样，因为老师调动太大，我所经历的项目跟我比我晚一年进来的同学们对比，已经相差甚远。

One of the strength is its close relationship to the local region. For a long time, the school has highly concentrated on the reconstruction of New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina, and the mitigation of coastal Louisiana. We have a coastal sustainability studio that work on relative issues. We are also quite curious about what the school would be focusing on in the coming years.

From personal experience, one of the significant difference in comparison to the other schools is the relationship between professors and students. Through the partnership with graduate assistant, the students and professors would work close together and sometimes in a really personal way of communication. We have had several parties in the professors’ houses.

Theoretically, LSU has an emphasis on personal process. I basically made my program into an urban design degree with construction and planning focus. This has largely to do with the professors and also my background in college. There is less competition between the students, and the professors are not forcing you with a solidary approach, which is beneficial to me, since I have working in this kind of atmosphere from high school.

最喜欢的艺术家（绘画音乐电影等广泛范围）是谁？给你创作带来了什么影响？
Who is your favorite artist (in wider range such as art, music, movie)? What is the influence?

Marina Abramovic, 朱青生

大概是因为对传统的视觉艺术没有什么兴趣。朱青生是我的艺术史老师，他的作品主要讨论的是大众参与和社会机制，更偏向于观念艺术的范畴。我本来没有意识到，但是他的作品似乎对于我的thesis是有绝对的影响的。

Marina Abramovic的表演艺术家，恰巧我是表演型人格（笑）。表演艺术的特点在于表演者跟观众必须同时处于相同的时空，从而构造一种面向个人的交流。她大概对于我做presentation有影响？

Marina Abramovic and Zhu Qingsheng

I do think that I have little interest in traditional visual art. Zhu is my professor in Art history. His work is holding the conversation in the regime of public communication and participation. I did not realize until right now that his work actually has significant influence to my thesis work.

Marina is a performance artist (not pop singer….), and I have a strong acting personality. Her works articulated how you can create an intimate interaction when the performer and the audience is in the same space. Maybe, I mean maybe, it has something to do with my presentation, but definitely contributed to my thesis, secretly.

觉得自己的作品集有哪些迷人的特质？
What amazing character do your works have?

简单粗暴。

毕竟学设计才第三年，而我本科又是学理论的。科学强调的是面面俱到，好的不好的。而工科则是经世致用，重要的是能用。艺术则强调的是观念的纯化，如何用简单的概念去表现，挑战，改变更大的，个人之力不可及的系统。

这些不同的东西混在这个作品集之中，然后我用了一种非常简单粗暴的方式把它们串起来，试图是构造一种直白而轻浮的表达方式。但是如果你在我面前，我可以通过这个作品集给你讲一个庞大，混乱而有意思的世界。

Simple and Brutal.

It is my third year doing landscape architecture, and before that I am in a purely theoretic education system. Science have an emphasis on the holisticity of discussion, where you have to address all the aspects of a phenomenon. As the sometime, design, with its origin from engineering, has to have practicality, and as long as it functions, it works. Art, is the purification of concept, it talks about how to manipulate a simple concept to represent, challenge and change a system that individuals are participating and unable to change.

All the components mixed in the portfolio, and I used an extremely simple and brutal fashion to organize all the different aspects together. The approach of narrative is intentionally plain and flamboyant at the same time. But, they are just part of the whole story, if you sit in front of me, the portfolio and be a medium to connect to an enormous, chaotic and exiting world.

什么时候开始看谷德网的？欢迎你提出建议哦，谢谢。
When did you start to follow gooood? Any suggestions?

不知道，大概从我开始做设计之前？在海外专辑里面有一篇是陶醉和张叶子的采访，我觉得非常有意思。希望谷德能够尽可能成为更多不同声音的发生渠道，加油！

I don’t even remember. Maybe before I started doing landscape architecture. There is one interview that I am particularly interested, on Tao Zui and Zhang Yezi. I think the diversity in the design approaches should be considered even more. I think you are doing well!

作品 Works

构造郊区
Tectonic Suburb

团队刘一芾，李娴
Team Yifu Liu, Xian Li
住区规划，巴吞鲁日，路易斯安那州，美国
Residential Planning, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
指导教师 Instructor:
Wes Michaels
时间 2014年秋季
Time 2014 Fall

这个设计有意思的地方在于，它坐落在美丽的巴吞鲁日，也就是我们学校所在的位置。巴吞鲁日大约是我在美国生活的过的最无聊的城市，整个城市的格局就是标准的美国战后大规模郊区建设的产物。这个设计基本是基于对这一城市格局和生活状态的批判，而产生的。

场地现有的设计是传统的美国郊区住宅，一切以效率和利润为导向。巴吞鲁日的建设标准要求场地能够在承接十年一遇的降水，减小对城市管网的压力。现有的雨水收集设计是尺度巨大的湖面，居民并不能很好的使用这些公共空间。

设计视图桥接水文基础设施和社区公共空间，通过活动的注入激活现有的无法充分利用的空间。设计意识到在现有的郊区开发模式之中，社交空间的稀少和社会接触的减少，使得整个社区文化异常贫瘠，这样的状态在整个城市尺度，乃至全国尺度都非常明显。设计希望通过综合雨水设施和公共空间，综合利用开发成本，从而达到更好的居住和生活状态。

The most important character of the project is that is it located in Baton Rouge, where I have lived and gone to school for 2 and a half year. It is beautifully boring. The urban design of the city is generally driven by the post-war suburb sprawl. The design is based on the critics of the existing suburb and its life style, trying to allocate limited resources to address some of the issues.

The existing design the Lake of Jamestown in Baton Rouge, LA succeeded as a typical suburb development, providing ample amount of housing and efficiency of construction, as well as its capacity to detain all the water from a 10-year storm. However, the single functioning water infrastructure has taken 8.2 percent of the total area, and because of the giant size, the water features failed to be a welcoming place.

The Design sees the integration of the water infrastructure with other programs as the opportunity for a better model of development in order to achieve both economic and social success. With water infrastructure as the trigger of the design, the approaches we explored are centered on water-related issues. We developed a framework that allows better integration of social activities and stormwater infrastructure; we then explored a new workflow that allows the designers gain more knowledge and control over stormwater in the iterative design process; finally, we proposed specific program strategies that enables better social interaction and demonstration of the dynamics of water.

路口：仪式、场所与重建
At the Crossing: Ritual, Place, and Resilience

团队刘一芾，郑新也，周宇亭
Team Yifu Liu, Xinye Zheng, Yuting Zhou
场地设计，雅克梅勒，海地
Site Design, Jacmel, Haiti
指导教师 Instructor:
Ausitn Allen
时间 2016年春季
Time 2016 Spring

10年海地大地震之后，雅克梅勒经历了长期的重建过程。设计视图通过地标景观营造的方式助力城市灾后重建。方案选址在城市最核心的位置。在海地文化之中，道路交汇之处是神明栖息之地，而设计选址不仅仅是在道路交汇的地方，更是在更广义的交叉路口，此处有溪渠流过，是山海之间，又是新老城市机理之界，是历史之间。设计试图将城市景象重新与区域景观以及城市历史相连接，重塑在地震以及后殖民地政治经济冲击下日渐离散的文化生活景象。文化与身份的回文重述，是达成城市共识所需的重要条件，我们试图通过空间以及修辞上的重建，完成这一重述，从而促进城市重建与未来发展。

The city of Jacmel has experienced a long period of reconstruction after the Haitian Earthquake in 2010. The project tries to install a center piece of landscape architecture to facilitate the reconstruction. In Haitian Culture, divinities live in the road crossing. With the strategic location of the piece, at a crossing road from the mountain to the sea, from the past to the future, the design tries to reinstall a sense of connection to the landscape and the history to the city, which have been disrupted from the fast urbanization and traumatic earthquake. Cultural enunciation allow the city to synchronize itself, in order to achieve a common goal. Through the physical and rhetorical reconnection, the design reconstructs the image of Haitian rituals back to the city, which triggers the synchrony. Thus, the designed place serves as an agent for the resilience and the future of the city.

▼雅克梅勒的城市景观在不断受到冲击，这些冲击或内生或外来，或是突发事件或是经年累月，或是自然因素或是人为所成。不断的冲击构造了一个非常复杂而破碎的城市景象。

▼试图将城市景象与景观和历史相连通，不仅仅是物理通道上的相连接，更应是修辞上的回文复述。从纪录片之中提取出传统记忆中的空间，以及仪式之中的时间和序列感，并将它们赋予场地之中，从而物理上与精神上共同构建一个完整的城市景象。

▼场所营造：海地文化中，道路相交之处是神明栖息之地。现有的西蒙·玻利瓦尔广场应当位于城市的精神中心，因为其不仅是现实道路相交的地方，更是历史，水文与人流汇集之处。

▼影像重建：从传统仪式之中提取的景象，被抽象重构，或基于尺度，或基于光影，或基于边界与透明性，或是基于其他属性。这些影响被调整成为城市内新的功能得以发生的空间。

▼从传统空间而来，设计营造了一系列不同通透度的边界，这些边界共同营造了中心空间，并且提供了不同的活动空间。

▼种植与构筑棚架共同营造了不同的光线条件。

▼棚架的曲线同时还具有入口标识作用，从而组织流线。

▼ 镜像与演化：设计创造了使游客与本地居民可以相互交流的空间。双方可以相互影响，从而更好地相互理解和合作。

▼不同的遮荫提供了历史与现在的并置，并共同导向未来。

▼市民空间的构建将混乱的城市影像重新置于历史之中，试图重塑市民的信心与共建的勇气

▼设计视图通过物理连接与影像重建的方式将场所与区域的景观相链接，从而营造场所精神。

▼从山到海

费城社区激活策略
The (New) Young Great Society

团队Team
Yifu Liu, Liz Camuti, Sunantana Nuanla-Or, Priyanka Malik, Donguk Lee

竞赛，城市设计，费城，宾夕法尼亚州，美国
Better Philadelphia Challenge, Urban Design, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
指导教师 Instructor:
Elizabeth Mossop
时间 2015年秋季
Time 2015 Fall

费城西部社区目前面临着许多的挑战，贫困与公共卫生在其中尤为显著。数据表明，19.2%居住于此的亲少年被归类为“肥胖”，我们所面对的Mantua/Belmont社区在肥胖这一卫生议题上问题尤为尖锐。研究认为肥胖与社会经济环境因素关系尤为显著：比如贫困，犯罪率，公共空间缺失以及父母亲缺失等因素都对肥胖有明显的贡献。单纯的景观策略无法为这一系统性问题提供可行的解决方案，因此，方案试图为该社区提供技能教育，并通过一系列规划，设计的手段，为这个社区提供系统性解决方案。我们试图通过政府和组织引导的教育系统，利用现有的环境基础，将这一社区逐渐引导成为一个经济自持，社会团结，身体健康以及环境美好的区域。这一项目相对现有的规划，所需的资金大约只有其一半。

West Philadelphia is under great challenge for public health. According to the statistics, 19.2% of teenagers in Philadelphia is categorized as “Obese”, and the Mantua/Belmont neighborhood is one of the most obesity prevailing area. Recent research draws the relationship between obesity and social-economic-environmental factors such as poverty, urban crime, inadequate openspace and absence of parenthood. The problems has been too systematic to be solved by solely physical intervention to the landscape. Thus, this proposal aim to picture a vocational education program that would systematically guide the local neighborhoods into a financially self-sustained, socially integrate, physically active and environmentally pleasing area. By doing so, the budget of neighborhood intervention can be reduced to a half of the existing plan.

行动主义城市营造实验
#CONE-VERSATION: A Tactical Urbanist Experiment

装置，实验，新奥尔良，路易斯安那，美国
Installation, Experiment, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
答辩委员会主席 Committee Chair:
Wes Michaels
时间 2016年春季
Time 2016 spring

实验旨在将行动主义城市营造引入景观设计与城市规划的工具体系之中。新奥尔良灾后重建历经诸多规划过程，在回顾其成败之后，我们意识到本地居民与官员权威之间存在的深刻的不信任是规划失败的重要教训，而传统的社区参与过程并无法弥合这一缺口。我们认为行动主义城市营造可能是重新桥接双方的有效途径，在行为过程中的身份转化，可以有效的增进双方的信任，从而共同营建城市。

本项目记录了两个在现实城市之中的装置实验，意图为之后进一步的探索提供经验和材料。

The thesis intends to introduce tactical urbanism as a way to expand the toolkit for designers to communicate with theirs audiences from the public. Lessons from the post-Katrina planning processes urges for better communication tool that invites broader conversation while providing more direct physical outcome from the process. Tactical urbanism is introduced to the city and the discipline of landscape architecture in order to provide a fresh solution to the communication by changing the speech between the authority figure and the residents into a more personal conversation with an invitation through on-site installation. At the same time, it is a powerful tool to achieve instant physical outcome from the process and to provide important feedback for design.

The article documented two on-site projects that the team did in order to invite conversations on the issue of New Orleans’ landscape. Through the process of installation, some interesting interaction with the local residents are recorded which exemplify the potential of this methodology and they provides insights for the future interventions.

视频链接 video ：
https://vimeo.com/159889402 https://vimeo.com/160469034

这个项目实验了许多行动主义城市营造之中应该具有的品质与可能性。但是最为重要的部分，还是这样在城市中，现实场地的具体活动，能过创造超越身份，种族和语言的交流，通过不断地沟通与对话，从而实现互信。

The project was able to experiment with a lot of qualities in Tactical Urbanism with limited budget and time. The most important take-away from the project, is that we have to be on-site. The installation is only a cause, you being in the landscape with other, being able to communicate, is the only thing that makes the difference. We believe that the presence of a designer makes the difference to create a conversation that transcend status, race and language. It rehumanizes designers to be individuals that is personable, which lies the basis of trust.

When: 2013-now
Where: New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
Who: Yifu Liu 刘一芾
From: Haikou, Hainan
School:
Robert Reich School of Landscape Architecture, Louisiana State University, (2013-2016)
College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University (2009-2013)
School of Arts, Peking University (2010-2013)
Contact: yliu111@lsu.edu

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