为什么出国？

Why study abroad?

本科在国内学习和在欧洲交流学习并实习工作一段时间之后，想去美国看看那里的教学环境和设计状态，经历不同的文化。

After my bachelor education in China and exchange study with internship in Europe, I want to go to US to experience different design culture.

在国外遇到了什么让你印象最深刻的事情？

Is there anything happened impressed you?

男女老少，相当大一部分人都奋力为了梦想而付出着

A large amount of people, regardless of age, are fighting for their dreams.

最想念祖国的什么？

What do you miss about China?

家人和朋友

Family and friends

你会回国吗？为什么？

Will you come back? Why?

肯定会，某种程度上是因为文化归属感。其实相对于的短期回国，我现在也时常不定期的回去；对于长期的回国还在规划中。

For sure, it is somehow because of a sense of cultural belonging. Actually, for short period, I have been back to China several times a yearcurrently; while for long-term plan of back to China, it isstill in planning.

出国后在不同的背景下再看中国是否看得更清晰，有哪些感触？

Is it more distinct to view China in a different environment after going abroad? Any thought?

是否看得更清晰我不知道，但是出国后变得更多元化多角度的来看待中国，尤其是中国的城市化进程。

I am not sure the term of “more distinct”, but it is true that it turns out to be more “multi-perspectives” to view China, especially its urbanization procedure.

最喜欢的艺术家（绘画音乐电影等广泛范围）是谁？给你创作带来了什么影响？

What is your favorite artist (in wider range such as art, music, movie)?What is the influence?

不好说，学画20年，喜欢的艺术家经常变。对于我的毕业设计的创作带来了灵感的其实不是纯艺术家，而是一位地理学家，是提出了中心地理论和东欧城镇乡村规划新模式的瓦尔特•克里斯塔勒。

Honestly, I have been temperamental for the artist who I admire during the past 20 years of painting. While for the one who inspires me greatly on my thesis is Walter Christaller, a German geographer rather than a fine artist, who came up with Central Place Theory and proposed new settlementpatterns in Eastern Europe.

为什么从建筑转到城市设计，学习后有哪些感触？

Why switch disciplinefrom architecture to urban planning and design and what are the inputs from this change?

很喜欢鸟瞰城市的感觉，对城市形态非常感兴趣，所以起初是想学习如何扩大尺度来设计城市，虽然这种“妄想”在之后的学习中慢慢的被对于城市研究和设计更深的理解所慢慢冲淡。了解到城市是一个很复杂的系统，简单的说设计一个城市基本是不可能的，所以城市规划与设计并不指的是去设计一

个城市，更多的是规划一种模式，提供一些导则，设计一个区块。当然除了设计本身，关于城市的许多理论现在正极大程度上的吸引着我。

I was fascinated by the aerial scenes of the cities and have been very much interested in urban form. So initially I had an impulsion to learn how todesign a city which was realized as a delusion after learning urban planning and design. City is an extremely complicated system, so in a word, design a city is almost impossible. For me, urban planning and design is more to think of a pattern, provide guidelines and design urban fabrics or districts. Now besides design itself, I am also very much into urban theories.

目前你最关注（或正在研究）的问题是什么？为什么？

What kinds of research issues you focus most currently?Why?

我最近十分关注的问题主要有三个，都是我个人认为结合中国的现状所具有一定研究意义的问题： 1）城市群。具体的说是城市群中的城市之间的合作与竞争，协同和独立的相互关系的转变对于城市规划与设计以及建筑设计的影响；然后是城市群在进一步一体化的大趋势下，如何继续保持原有的风貌特点。2）乡镇。这是我毕业设计的一个延续，继续寻找如何在城镇化的大趋势下运用城市规划与设计的策略和手段来更好的发展和建设乡镇。3）城市网格。我一直在做的一个研究，研究如何将其作为一种设计城市的手段来做规划与设计，近期将会出版一本具体的书。

I have three major focuses recently that I firmly believe worthy of research considering the current urban context of China: 1)Megalopolis / Mega-region — Explore the changing of the interdependency and independency among the compositional cities of megalopolisand try to understand how these inter-relationship changing informs urban planning and design, and architecture design decisions that further reconfiguresthe urban image of the entire metropolitan region. Research how to keep theidentities of the citiesprevalent the integration of the entire region. 2) Town and township — Extend my thesis research and design and continuously search the most suitable urban planning and design strategies for town/township development. 3) Urban Grids— Develop it as a method for designing the city. A related book will be published in next January.

请聊聊你学校的教育特点。

Please describethe educational characteristics the school you attended.

就我个人的经历而言，哈佛大学设计学院的最大的特点有三点，一是对于跨学科的交流的大力提倡；二是充分的人文自然关怀；三是对于不同观点的包容和积极的探讨。

Three characteristics of Harvard GSD impressed me most: 1) high promotion of cross-disciplinary communication 2) full solicitude from social and environmental dimension 3) the tolerance of different perspectives and positive discussion

什么时候开始看谷德网的？欢迎你提出建议哦，谢谢。

When did you start to surf on gooood? Any suggestions?Thanks : )

从好友处听说谷德很长一段时间了，最近开始浏览。很喜欢谷德网分专辑的分享许多有趣、有意义的信息。不过除了重点分享单个学者、设计师的想法，如果谷德网能更进一步多分享一些的学者、设计师共同对于一些问题的探讨和思考那就更好了。

I have been hearing gooood from my friend for a long time. Recently I started browsing. I find the info sharing by albums is pretty interesting. My suggestion is that besides sharing the thoughts and design by singular designer or scholar, it would be better if gooood can bring or sharemore discussions by a group of designers and scholars.

TOWNIZATION

发展乡镇

IN SEARCH OF NEW PARADIGM OF URBANIZATION IN CHINA

Harvard University Graduate School of Design Urban Planning and Design Thesis Prize’2014

寻找中国城市化的新模式

哈佛大学设计学院城市规划与设计毕业设计奖

↓↓ 视频，建议选择超清

Townization is a project that provides an innovative research withplanning and design proposal for town-township development in current China. Advocating from “city making” to “town making”, my thesis commits to the issue of “Townization” by interpretingthree salient questions: 1) why thetown-ization” has been set as an alternative urbanization paradigm of China? 2) howto shape the “urban-rural landscape” and deal the relation between “the countryside” and “the urban area”, with stressing town-township? 3) whatare the suitable urban planning strategies and design approaches for Chinese town and townshipswith their net¬workpattern can effectively implemented and contribute to reconfiguring Chinese new towns?

Although the benefit of agglomera¬tion has been hugely emphasized by the central government which led to the majority of amenities and services are only in cities and the household-registration system (Hukou) equipped the city with more advantages, the exclusively focus on “megacity-making” eventually leads tothe mega-city problems, environmental deterioration and the urban-rural disparity. Based on my preliminary empirical research and data analyses, I come to a conclusion that the above three major urban problems, together with the country’s continuous demand of urbanization to stimulate the economic development of China, are the four top important reasons that urge for central government’s policy reorientation.(In the follow¬ing 10 years, the National Health and Family Planning Commission of China estimates around 300 million will continuously be added to China’s urban population by 2025, close to the population of today’s United States.)

“发展乡镇”是一个针对中国当下的城镇化进程一个新的策略性规划与设计提案。从“建城”到“建镇”，此次毕业设计主要探讨和研究了三个方面：1）为什么要重视发展乡镇以及乡镇城市化是另一种可行且必要的城市化模式2）新的“建镇”的策略在侧重乡镇发展的基础上如何处理城乡关系3）落实到具体到设计，哪些是有意义且可行的规划和设计方案来塑造“中国新镇”。

尽管在强调“集聚效应”优势的大环境下，城市的优点被极大程度的放大并且在一定程度上被户口制度进一步保护了起来。但是也正是因为对于集聚优势的追求使得建“城”，而且是越大越好，似乎成了城市化的唯一最优解。但是基于我的实地考察和数据分析30年高速城市化给中国带来了很多的城市病，例如城乡差距拉大，环境趋于恶劣。而当下中国还在继续着城市化，政府预计未来十年还有3亿人口将转变为城市人口。这样的条件促使我们去思考新的城市化模式：发展乡镇。

As a strong response to those four issues, the thesis provides a new “Town Network” as the complementary network of the existing “City Network”, together constitute the new “Urban Network” of China. The new proposed town network consists of 19683 existing designated towns. The efficiently planned, designed and managed town network can help absorb the 300 million potential becoming urban populations (15-year target of the new central government), release the pressure of large cities, provide alternative lifestyle for the citizens and deeply stimulate the development of surrounding rural areas and even help the surrounding cities.

基于分析和作为对当下城市化进程中的问题的一个全局化回应，首先提出的策略是建设发展“建制镇网络”。这个网络涵盖了19683个现存的镇，强化镇与镇之间的联系，发展其自身的产业，减少其对于城市的依赖，最终使得“建制镇网络”可以与“城市网络”成为两套互补的结构并一同组成新的健全的城镇网络和体系。合理规划的网络和有效的乡镇设计可以减轻城市压力，吸收大量“新近城市化的人口”，提供更好的生存条件和生活状态。

I strongly argue that China’s townization should base on the existing towns and the primary task is to upgrading the existing towns, instead of creatingnew towns in the mid of nowhere. Further, the thesis examines a series of existing successful town precedents, including the famous river towns, historical towns and TVE (Township-Village Enterprise) towns, and then generates a set of fundamental planning and design principles for China’s town making proposals. These principles take into account demographic and population criteria, scale, suitable distance to major cities, and appropriate support industries.

The thesis translates its quantitative and qualitative analysis and its policy and spatial research into concrete urban design projects on two experimental sites. Through two specific projects, my thesis tries to demonstrate during this emergent “Townization”, how the ur¬ban design and its strategies can contribute to helping drastically and sustainably improve built environment and at the same time reduce the environmental pollu¬tion, protect the agricultural land and nature resource in order to achieve the improvement of quality of the town life.

我想特别强调一下，这里所说的“建镇”并不是建造“新镇”（全新的镇），而更多意在发展现有的“镇”和提升现有的“乡”。由此，经过对于当下中国较为成功的建制镇的一系列的分析，提出了一些规划设计的诚恳建议，包括城-镇间距，镇的规模，镇的产业，镇的人口等等。

下一步就是如何把数据分析转化为有效的空间设计。所以此次毕设专门挑选了两个基地（两个镇：一个是有代表性的例子，一个是极端的例子），通过对于两个镇的规划及设计来反映之前提出的建议及纲要在具体的设计项目中如何被实施并实现保护自然，减少污染，提高现有生活条件，发展合适产业等目标。

The first project, Xiaoyi New Town, locates inin Bengbu-Huainan region, Anhui Province, where remains one of the provinces with lowest urban¬ization rate around Chinese-central and Chinese-east region. In Anhui Province around Huai River, existed numerous villages and small townsmainly depend on agriculture. Xiaoyi Town is a town with population of 46266 and among whom, 92.6% are doing agri-culture. This is a very typicalcondition of China that the rural town needs to be retrofitted and upgrade to modern town. So it is an exemplary case of rural consolidation where village clusters are being transformed into a newmodern agriculture town. Through the procedure of upgrading from a labor intensive agriculture town to an indus¬trialized agriculture town release 57.5% surplus labor which can be townized into new industries. And with same process the part of land could be also townized into other landuse rather than agricul¬ture land.Hydrology strategy, landscape strategy, transportation strategy and architecture strategy are four main strategies as the response to the four fundamental principles.

第一个设计项目是孝仪新镇，地处安徽省蚌埠-淮南地区，华东地区城市化率较低的地区。孝仪现在是一个乡，靠近淮河，已有人口46266人，主要产业是农业。这其实是一个具有代表意义的例子，与很大一部分的中国现在的乡的情况十分接近。孝仪新镇项目的主要目的是如何利用科技引入使得其现有的生产力得到进步改善，57.5%的农业人口得到解放并通过教育可以从事现代化农业甚至是科研等工作，规划设计使其满足更好的空间需求，进而得到改善发展成一个现代化农业新镇。水的策略，景观策略，交通策略和建筑策略是四个主要的规划设计手段。

The second is Beijiazao New Town in Great Datong Region, Shanxi Province, the region that is famous for its mining industry, especially the coal. Bei¬jiazao Town has 55.5% of non-urban ratio and contrastingly only 5.17% are doing agriculture, instead, the major population there are involved in coal business. Now the decreasing of the coal production pushes the town to search for a new industry. And coincidently, Greater Datong Area is also famous for its solar resource. Now the development and upgrading of the town turns out to be the issue of industry trans¬formation. Landscape dissolving strategy, multifunctional grid system, new energy generation strategy and architecture strategy are four main strategies could be addressed in this half-abandoned town to set an experimental town that will be generally upgrad¬ed into a solar town. This is an extreme case that the town undergoes industrial transformation from traditional coal dependent villages to a renewable energy dependent town.

第二个项目是倍加造新镇，地处山西省大同地区，一个以煤而出名的地区。倍加造镇是现有的建制镇，是一个极端的案例，因为居民大多从事煤矿产业（55.5%）而非农业（5.17%）。当下在煤矿资源日益面临耗竭的情况下，包括倍加造镇在内的多数依赖于煤矿资源的城镇正在寻找新的出路。碰巧的是，大同地区有丰富的太阳产业，所以这个项目的主要目的是通过引入太阳能及其相关产业，来完成对其产业转型，污染治理以及建筑状况提升的目的。景观策略，能源策略，多维网格策略，建筑策略是四个符合纲要又满足其现状的规划设计策略。

In conclusion, thesis comes to five key suggestions for the urban planning and design strategies for the implementation of “Townization” policy: (1)

Primarily about upgrading the existing towns and townships in China (2) Within the interconnection of the larger urban network by faster

transportation infrastructure (3) Standard Living of small scale with proficient technology and amenities (4) Offering an alternative lifestyle for both

urban and rural population (5) Local and suitable industry rather than resource extraction and pure raw agriculture production and providing the local

employment opportunity.

最后，此次毕设概括出了发展乡镇的五点主要建议：1）发展现有的乡镇，而非建造“新镇”2）建设城-镇-乡更完善快捷的交通体系3）提升乡镇建筑品质，配备现代化的科技和良好的物业4）利用乡镇良好的自然资源及环境条件提供一种不同的生活品质5）要引入适合当地特点的产业提供就业机会。

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When: 2012 – present
Where: Boston, MA and San Francisco, CA
Who: Dingliang Yang 杨丁亮
From: Wuxi, China
School and Office: Harvard Graduate School of Design
Contact：dingliang.yang@gmail.com

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