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在一场关乎黎巴嫩生死存亡的金融危机来临，群众愤怒的抗议运动席卷全国之际，全新LSB银行总部的落成，以一种出乎意料的方式象征了建筑业的复苏，同时，它也暗喻了抗议者对过去三十年间黎巴嫩国内令人失望的法律现状的蔑视。项目秉承了城市可持续发展的理念，以有力的建筑语言挑战了过时的当地建筑规范，重新定义了不可避免的城市扩张与公共设施之间的关系，为激活城市公共空间作出了贡献。

As an existential financial crisis threatens Lebanon and an outraged protest movement grips the country, the opening of a new bank headquarters emerges as an unlikely architectural edifice symbolizing renewal. It is in line with protests defying the status quo of laws that have defined Lebanon for the last three decades. The building challenges antiquated building code in favor of sustainable urban growth, as it redefines the relationship between inevitable urban sprawl and the reactivation of the public realm.

▼远观项目，viewing the project at distance © Ieva Saudargaite

LSB地区总部坐落于黎巴嫩南部海岸的提尔市(Tyre)，于当地危机爆发前两个星期竣工。项目的落为建筑、历史、地形以及环境的融合树立了一个全新的典范与标准。从1975年到1991年，提尔市(Tyre)见证了黎巴嫩内战期间城市的失控发展。战后，新采用的建筑规范倾向于增加现有社区的密度，忽视公共空间，导致了城市扩张的加剧。

The LSB regional headquarters, located in the city of Tyre on the southern coast of Lebanon, was recently completed two weeks before the onset of the current crisis. It establishes a new aesthetic to the historical, geographical and environmental context. Tyre witnessed uncontrolled urban development during the Lebanese civil war that spanned from 1975 to 1991. Post-war, newly adopted building codes favored an increase in densification of existing neighborhoods and a disregard for public space that enabled the continued sprawl.

▼项目坐落于一个新改建的农业空地上，the project is located on a newly converted agricultural lot © Ieva Saudargaite

Domaine Public Architects事务所的负责人Karim Fakhry解释说:“ 在处理一个新改建的农业区空地时，我们同时面临着责任与挑战。在强调空间价值的同时，如何协调业主的需求，凸显出建筑的地位并增加项目的曝光度成为设计的关键。项目旨在为场地未来的发展开创一个先例并成为优秀典范。”

“Presented with a cornerstone lot in a vacant newly repurposed agricultural zone, we encountered both a challenge and a responsibility,” explains Karim Fakhry, principal at Domaine Public Architects. “How do we mediate between the client’s emphasis on maximum visibility and exposure while emphasizing spatial values that could serve as a precedent for upcoming development?”

▼项目外观概览，overall of the project’s appearance © Ieva Saudargaite

LSB总部以最小的占地面积达到最大化的视觉效果，彰显出视觉与体量之间的平衡。虽然LSB总部仅有三个楼层，但从视觉角度来说，其规模比实际上要大得多。这得益于建筑独特的船式结构，后张式屋顶与9米的悬臂梁将建筑的占地面积控制在最小值。因此，建筑的底层空间便摆脱了结构的限制，成为一个灵活开放的公共广场，为举办各种展览提供了条件。此外，悬挑的上层结构也为底层空间提供了遮阳。在未来，本项目将与邻近场地的其他建筑形成社区空间，共同激发人们的社区意识。

The headquarters establishes balance between maximum visual presence and minimal physical presence. Limited to just three floors, it is more visually prominent than its actual scale. The structure, with its post-tensioned roof and nine-meter cantilever, allows for a minimum building footprint. It thus liberates the ground floor from all structural elements, enabling a shaded public plaza as an open flexible space that can host various curatorial programs. A sense of community would be further activated when future buildings emerge on adjacent sites.

▼船型的结构以最小的占地面积达到最大化的视觉效果，the ship-like structure establishes balance between maximum visual presence and minimal physical presence © Ieva Saudargaite

金融危机和银行实行的严格资本管制进一步激化了金融部门与人民之间的矛盾。因此，强调公共空间，重建银行与公民间的对话，促进社会的参与，成为项目设计中的核心策略。在游客从开放的公共广场漫步至更为私密的庭院的过程中，一系列兼容并蓄的空间引导并促进了人与人，人与空间的互动。

The financial crisis and severe capital controls enacted by the banking sector resulted in increased hostility between the financial sector and the people. The design strategy with its emphasis on public space is ever more relevant today as it re-establishes a dialogue with citizens and promotes social participation. A sequence of inclusive spaces promotes interaction as visitors transition from the open public plaza into a more private courtyard.

▼金属立面为沉重的混凝土结构赋予了轻盈感，the metal facade lends a lightness to the heavy concrete structure © Ieva Saudargaite

建筑师结合建筑的历史背景与朝向，设计了三个主要视觉连接点，进一步强调出公共空间的作用。梯形庭院为多层次的办公空间与中央交通空间之间建立了视觉联系。同时，流畅的曲线形主立面悬于广场之上，在视觉上，使室内办公区与户外空间形成对话。东西侧立面上的开窗面积较小，在保证室内景观视野的同时，降低了阳光直射的影响，为室内营造出舒适的体感环境。

Three primary visual connections further emphasize the role of the public spaces and respond to the context and orientation. The trapezoidal courtyard creates a visual conduit between the multi-level offices and the central circulation space. The curved main façade hovers over the plaza to create direct visual dialogue between the offices and the outdoors. The windows of the eastern and western façade frame the distant landscape while limiting solar gain.

▼建筑底层形成公共空间，the ground floor forms a public space © Ieva Saudargaite

建筑的结构体系具有双重功效，在促进社会性参与的同时，向人们倡导了可持续发展的理念。悬挑的设计基于对太阳高度角与最佳纬度的分析，达到了建筑自遮阳的效果。南向主要立面的设置，使建筑在冬季能够在最大程度上利用自然采光，反之，在夏季减少高强度阳光的直射，保证室内的阴凉。庭院的设置实现了建筑的被动降温与交叉通风，同时最大限度地将自然光引入室内。钢制屏风取代了传统的安全门，并作为立面遮光板，为建筑遮挡南向的阳光。建筑外表皮与结构形成互补，创造出开敞的大空间并强调出建筑的立面，为沉重的混凝土结构赋予了轻盈感，使建筑达到视觉与体量上的平衡。

The architectural elements perform dual roles. While they enhance public engagement, they advocate for sustainability. The cantilevered volume, angled based on sun exposure and optimum latitude, is thus self-shading. Facing south, it both maximizes solar gain in winter and limits heat gain in summer. The courtyard enables passive cooling and cross-ventilation while maximizing internal natural light. The steel screen replaces the client’s want for security gates and performs as a curved brise-soleil, shading from southern sun exposure. The skin and structure complement each other, as the structure enables the expansive public space, the skin adds depth to the main façade while lending lightness to the heavy concrete building, an interplay between the building’s visual and physical presence.

▼较为封闭的东西立面有效地保温隔热，the more closed east and west facades provide effective insulation © Ieva Saudargaite

此外，就本地的建筑规范来说，巧妙地规划项目中的公共空间是一项至关重要的挑战，根据法律规定，建筑结构下的任何室外区域都被视为室内空间。由于本案建筑下方的公共广场不是封闭的空间，且需要从总建筑面积中扣除，因此，对建造商来讲这种空间不具有任何商业价值。不合理的法律规定严重阻碍了公民与社区公共空间的发展，甚至造成了财政浪费。

The building code was the most challenging parameter to the conception of the public space. Existing laws stipulate that any outdoor area located under a built structure is considered interior space. It is therefore deducted from the total allowable built-up area. Given that it is not an enclosed space it has no monetary value. The development of civic and community space has thus been heavily discouraged by law, even accompanied by financial waste.

▼仰视天井庭院，Look up at the patio courtyard © Ieva Saudargaite

“为了弥补造价损失，我们实施了一系列空间策略。首先，我们省略了三层露台上的屋顶，从建筑总面积比(FAR)中扣除了相应的面积。其次，采用开放的庭院取代一楼的阳台，从而获得了额外的使用空间，”Fakhry阐述道。室内玻璃围护结构采用了预制的方式，并在项目落成后才安装完工，这项操作使得室内空间变身为阳台，进一步扩大了使用面积。“当法律对你不利时，为了更大化公众利益，为什么不利用它们呢?”

“To remedy the value loss, we implemented a series of spatial maneuvers. First, we omitted the roof over the third-floor terrace, excluding the space from the total floor-area ratio (FAR). We then replaced the balcony space on the ground floor with an open courtyard, gaining additional area,” elaborates Fakhry. The interior glass enclosures were included in the blueprints but not executed on site. This allowed interior space to be counted as a balcony allowance. “When the laws work against you, why not outmaneuver them for the greater public good?”

▼室内玻璃围护结构采用了预制的方式， the interior glass enclosures were included in the blueprints but not executed on site © Ieva Saudargaite

▼楼梯细部，detail of the staircase © Ieva Saudargaite

近期发生的事件迫使黎巴嫩人民重新审视其国家的政策以及现行法律。LSB地区总部为挑战现有规范，激发建筑潜力，树立了一个良好的范本。通过设计，有效地增加了公共空间，增强了社会性参与，促进了城市的可持续发展。重塑当地建筑规范的过程任重而道远，其中的第一步便是转变人们的观念，不再将金钱收益作为首要价值，而是构建更为全面的社会价值观体系。随着疫情的爆发，黎巴嫩国内的经济危机愈加严重，开放式的景观与公共广场均暂停开放。广场上的绿植却因此得以喘息，变得生机勃勃，疫情过后，郁郁葱葱的广场将重新迎接人们的到来，象征着以人为本的生态与城市可持续发展。项目旨在用希望与环境友好的理念战胜城市的混乱与金融危机。

The recent events have forced the Lebanese to re-examine their country’s policies and existing laws. The LSB regional headquarters is an architectural case study on the untapped potential in challenging established code. By doing so, it effectively enhances urban public space, social engagement and sustainable development. Re-envisioning building code is the first of many steps towards a shift from prioritizing monetary gain as primary value to a more comprehensive system of social values. As the COVID-19 pandemic deepens the financial crisis, work on the landscape of the open plaza was halted. Once populated with greenery, the plaza will welcome the public and symbolize human-centric and environmentally conscious urban growth, supplanting turmoil with fellowship and hope.

▼一层平面图，ground floor plan © Domaine Public Architects

▼夹层平面图，mezzanine plan © Domaine Public Architects

▼二层平面图，1st floor plan © Domaine Public Architects

▼三层平面图，2nd floor plan © Domaine Public Architects

▼剖面图，sections © Domaine Public Architects

▼节点大样，details of the section © Domaine Public Architects

Project Name: LSB Regional Headquarters
Architecture Firm: Domaine Public Architects
Website: www.domainepublicarchitects.com
Contact e-mail: k.fakhry@domainepublicarchitects.com
Firm Location: Beirut, Lebanon – New York, United States
Completion Year: 2020
Gross Built Area: 3000sqm
Project location: Tyre, Lebanon
Lead Architects: Karim Fakhry 、Jean Nmeir
Lead Architects e-mail: k.fakhry@domainepublicarchitects.com
j.nmeir@domainepublicarchitects.com
Photo credits: Ieva Saudargaite
Additional Credits
Design Team: Karim Fakhry – Jean Nmeir – Abeer Fanous – Dragan Vukovic – Rami Khoueiry
Clients: Lebanese Swiss Bank
Engineering: BEATEC – WTA MEP Engineers
Landscape: Domaine Public Architects
Collaborators: ACID – Stainless Steel Facade

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