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【编者按】Maggie’s Centres 是一个连锁疗养机构，设立的初衷在于为罹患癌症的人们提供一个舒适的环境。其目的不在于替代传统癌症治疗，而在于为病人提供建议。它的选址通常位于正规医院附近，但是独立于英国国民健康保险制度。它的医院设计都由世界知名的建筑师操刀，这个长长的名单包括Rem Koolhaas、Frank Gehry等。

Maggie’s Centres are world-renowned health center, aiming to help people suffered from cancer. Instead of providing cancer therapy, they play the role as a caring environment that can provide support for those who suffered. They are located near the ordinary hospitals, but are independent from NHS systems. The center gains great reputation worldwide and many famous architects have offered their design, including Rem Koolhaas, Frank Gehry, etc.

英国dRMM事务所设计建造了位于英国奥尔德姆市的玛姬疗养中心。如同其他玛姬中心一样，中心设立的目的在于为病人们提供实践、情感和社会方面的帮助，甚至在很多时候它还承担了绿洲、信使和灵感来源的作用。但是此前设计一直没有回答一个问题，那就是建筑环境和癌症发病机制之间的关系。许多癌症病人都希望知道是什么原因引起了癌症。许多证据表明，在我们的饮食、空气和居住环境中存在着致癌因子。

In addition to the central programme of providing free practical, emotional and social support, Maggie’s buildings variously serve  as oasis, message bearer and inspiration, but have not explicitly addressed the relation between the built environment and causes of cancer. One of the unanswered questions cancer sufferers ask is, ‘What caused it?’ The increasing evidence of cancer in developed countries points toward carcinogenic elements in our food, drink and air, and material components of our built environment.

▼建筑朴实无华，传达出在自然面前的谦卑，humble entrance calls for an awe for life ©Image courtesy Alex de Rijke

dRMM 事务所致力于研究材料和建筑环境的关系，以及设计如何影响人们的生活和感受。我们在木结构房屋建造领域的创举包括英国第一座用交错层压木材建造的公共建筑，Kingsdale学校（2006-2009）。自此，我们在一系列知名项目中应用了这一材料。在玛姬疗养中心启动时，我正担任英国皇家艺术学院的院长，但是我依然在和dRMM事务所一起推动木结构建筑的发展。我非常荣幸可以与这样受人尊敬的业主合作完成一个有趣的项目。

dRMM are an architecture practice immersed in the orchestration of materials and the built environment, and how design makes people live and feel differently. Our pioneering work in timber construction included the UK’s first cross-laminated timber public buildings at Kingsdale School, London 2006-9, and a succession of well-known projects ever since. When the Maggie’s project started I was Dean  of Architecture at the Royal College of Art, but still actively building and promoting timber architecture with dRMM; mostly housing and education buildings. I was honoured to accept such an interesting commission from an enlightened client.

▼建筑全貌，overall view ©Image courtesy Alex de Rijke

对于内容而非形式的关注贯穿整个设计理念，创造了一个优质的、比例恰当而又简约的惊喜之盒。建筑师通过一种出乎意料而有力的方式将自然、日光以及地面和天空的景色引入室内。在建筑的正中央是一颗大树，它生长在一个不对称的庭院中间，而整个建筑就翱翔在这个庭院之上。由此创造了一个模糊的空间，人们无法确认是在树屋之内还是之外。它是对于我们与自然的疏离的一个追问，也是对于人性中必须待在室内但是又渴望去室外的矛盾心理的回应。

The building design is deliberately less about form and more about content. A well-made, carefully proportioned, simple box of surprises. Nature and daylight and the view of the ground below and sky above (the strong presence of outside) has been brought into the interior in an unexpectedly powerful way; a large asymmetrical hole through which a tree grows marks the centre with an absence. The building hovers over a new tree garden; the resulting inside/out ‘tree house’ typology and shelter created questions our removed relationship to nature, and simultaneously embraces the human contradiction of needing to be inside but preferring to be outside.

▼庭院中央是一颗大树，the tree in the garden ©Image courtesy Alex de Rijke

▼建筑翱翔于庭院之上，人们仿佛身至庭院却又在庭院之外，to be or not to be… that’s a question… ©Image courtesy Jasmin Sohi

▼向上生长的大树吸引着人们一探究竟，the tree in the center seems attracting people to come forward ©Image courtesy Jasmin Sohi

▼从庭院向建筑内漫步，the promenade towards the center ©Image courtesy Tony Barwell

▼从建筑内看庭院，view the garden from interior ©Image courtesy Jasmin Sohi

为什么用木材？在木头里，有希望、人性、尺度、温暖和大自然对于碳排放的吸收。木是天然的、多变的、友好的、抗癌的物质。人们喜爱木头，而钢和混凝土是工业化带来的恶果。我们从2000年开始研究木结构建造。在2013年在“Endless Stair”项目中，我们同AHEC和ARUP一起合作研发了新的交错层压木材，它的性能十分优越。在玛姬疗养中心项目中，dRMM再次采用了这一材料。建筑展示了工业木材和玻璃的对话，所有的墙面和天花板的结构都是外露的，室内采用天然材料饰面。建筑外表面被一层波纹状的热处理木材包裹，创造了如同舞台上的幕布一般的效果。所有的木材都是美国郁金香木。这种高产的落叶木兰科植物经过精心处理，拥有了原本不具备的典雅质感。

Why wood? In wood there is hope, humanity, scale, warmth, and nature’s clever plan to absorb carbon. Wood is a non-toxic, versatile, benign, anti-carcinogenic material. People like wood, but steel and concrete are the industry default. Having pioneering engineered timber construction since 2000, I was delighted to be able to invent and develop cross-laminated hardwood through dRMM’s collaboration with AHEC and ARUP for Endless Stair in 2013. A key new material which outperformed existing cross-laminated timber was the result. For Maggie’s Oldham, dRMM re-present this new material in an integrated design for a public building, carrying a message for cancer care and for environmentally sophisticated architecture. In a didactic display of engineered timber and glass construction, all of the walls and roof are visibly structured and form an exquisite natural finish internally. Externally the building is draped in corrugated, heat-treated wood, like a surreal theatrical curtain. Inside and out, whether structure, furniture or thermally-modified cladding, the timber used is American tulipwood; a prolific fast-growing deciduous Magnolia tree made noble here by skillful manipulation. Maggie’s Oldham is the first cross-laminated hardwood building in the world.

▼在木头里，有希望、人性、尺度、温暖，in wood there is hope, humanity, scale, warmth ©Image courtesy Alex de Rijke

玛姬疗养中心所使用的木材仅仅是一个庞大的计划的一部分，后者意在改变传统医院里环境和就诊程序给病人带来的不舒适。癌症病人常常出于绝望而将自己草率交付给医院。他们的时间非常宝贵，但是却浪费了非常多的时间在医院里，在钢筋和塑料家具构成的房间里不见阳光，注视着机器和死亡率。玛姬疗养中心改变了这一局面，将痛苦的时光变得愉悦。

But the use of wood at Maggie’s is just part of a bigger design intention to reverse the norms of hospital architecture, where clinical institutionalised environments and management procedures can make patients feel dispirited and disempowered. Cancer patients feel desperate and therefore hand over control of their lives too easily  to medical processes. Their time is precious, yet huge amounts are wasted waiting hours in hospitals, on steel and plastic furniture in rooms without daylight, contemplating vending machines and mortality. Maggie’s centres invert this experience, turning a painful time into a pleasure.

▼让时光变得愉悦，turning a painful time into a pleasure ©Image courtesy Alex de Rijke

玛姬疗养中心提供舒适、人性化和关怀。访客可能刚刚得到坏消息，需要建议，需要帮助别人，正在参加课程，可能是一个需要得到放松的看护人，或者是一个刚刚失去亲人的家庭。在玛姬中心，所有的房间都没有病房标识，也没有工作人员佩戴胸牌。训练有素的工作人员们会照顾到访客的情绪，并提供相应帮助。

Maggie’s offer of comfort, humanity and empathy is carefully judged. Visitors may have just had devastating news; be needing advice; be in remission helping others; be waiting for a clinic; be attending a class; be a carer needing rest; or a family recently bereaved. Staff are recruited to assess visitor’s needs skillfully but do not wear ID badges – nor do the Maggie’s centres have door signage, only open doors.

▼舒适、人性化和关怀始终被放在第一位，offer of comfort, humanity and empathy ©Image courtesy Jasmin Sohi

正如同人们需要交谈，建筑也需要交谈以使人平静、激发好奇心和振奋使用者。dRMM事务所从玛姬中心和病人那里获得了大量有用的信息。我的一位密友Lucy Steed-Fassett不幸因癌症去世，但她给予了我许多建议和帮助，从空间给人的心理影响，到光照效果，到不要采用金属门把手，以避免对化疗病人的手指造成疼痛。

Just as people have to talk, so must the building communicate in order to comfort, reward curiosity, inform and empower the user. dRMM took  a great deal of advice from Maggie’s and people dealing with cancer. Lucy Steed-Fassett, a close friend living and dying with cancer, also helped me think about the general and the particular; from the psycho-logical effect of specific spaces and views, to the effect of light levels and color on skin made sensitive from radiotherapy, right down to the details of wood not metal door handles to avoid the neuropathy of fingers made painful by chemotherapy.

▼建筑与人对话，communication between people and architecture ©Image courtesy Alex de Rijke

在业主提出的许多问题之中，私密性受到特别的关注。建筑有着开放的平面，从南面的花园到北面的水平线，再到头顶的天空都可以一览无余。在主要空间内设置了一系列单间和嵌入式座椅，但是更多的区域需要可以灵活的分隔。荷兰艺术家Petra Blaisse为此特别设计了一个落地围帘，用以创造亲切的围合空间，并重塑光线、色彩、声学以及私密程度。

One of the important questions asked by the client has focused on the need for, and means of, creating privacy. The plan is spectacularly open, framing views of the garden to the south, the horizon to the north, and the sky above. This main space is served by a suite of small rooms on one side and seating niches, but the occasional need for larger subdivision has resulted in what I like to call useful art. Dutch artist Petra Blaisse has designed a full-height reversible curtain loop which creates an intimate free-form enclosure, redefining space, light, colour, acoustics and privacy levels.

▼在开放空间中营造私密性，privacy in an open space ©Image courtesy Jasmin Sohi

从建筑到景观到家具，业主、设计团队和承建商工作十分努力，也建立了良好的合作关系。最终形成了一个和谐的整体设计。无论窗框里的浓密树荫还是座椅的高度、质感和颜色，抑或郁金香木圆桌都经过了同样细致的考虑。玛姬中心是一个健康建筑的宣言。癌症剥夺了人们的确定感，而玛姬中心给予他们关怀和理解。

The client, design team and contractors have worked hard and collaborated well, from building to landscape to furniture. The outcome is  a holistic design environment, where the shadowy foliage of the trees in a framed view is as deliberate as the comfortable height, fabric and colour of your chair, or the home-grown tomatoes for the soup on the central, circular tulipwood table. Maggie’s Oldham is a carefully made manifesto for the architecture of health. Cancer deprives people of certainty; Maggie’s give them care and consideration.

▼一个和谐的整体设计，a holistic design ©Image courtesy Jasmin Sohi

▼没个细节都经过了精心设计，every detail is thoughtfully designed ©Image courtesy Alex de Rijke

▼夜晚的中庭，garden in the night ©Image courtesy Alex de Rijke

▼平面图，plan ©Image courtesy dRMM

▼剖面图，section drawings ©Image courtesy dRMM

▼细部，detail drawings ©Image courtesy dRMM

Client: Maggie’s
Funding: Stoller Charitable Trust
Architect: dRMM – www.drmm.co.uk
Timber Advice: AHEC
Landscape Design: dRMM & Rupert Muldoon
Structural Engineer: Booth King
Cost Consultant: Robert Lombardelli Partnership
Main Contractor: F Parkinson

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